This article gives a comprehensive study on the archaeological discoveries of Buddhist rock carvings of Tubo Dynasty in eastern Tibet-Qinghai plateau in recent years.It consists of three parts.The first part studies the themes and inscriptions of the remains discovered in Tibet,Qinghai and Sichuan Provinces,and gives an identification of their archaeological dates.The second part discusses the iconographic characteristics of the assemblage of Vairocana and Astamahabodhisattva(the Eight Great Bodhisattvas)in eastern Tibet-Qinghai plateau and the reason for its prevalence in these areas.This paper suggests that it is the result of the historical and religious context that the worshipping of Vairocana became increasingly popular with the spread of esoteric Buddhism in central Tibet,Dunhuang and Sichuan during the middle and late Tubo Dynasty(corresponding to the middle and late Tang Dynasty).In particular,the paper stresses that because of the special natural condition of eastern Tibetan area,the esoteric Buddhism in these areas communicated with that in Central Plain tradition,such as that from Dunhuang and Sichuan and influenced with each other.Thus,the style of the Variocana image was possibly from the central areas of Tubo Kingdom via Dunhuang or Hexi Corridor.However,the configuration of Astamahabodhisattva seemed to be affected by Central Plain tradition tantric texts prevailed in Dunhuang and Sichuan.It displays a phenomenon of multi-cultural communication and amalgamation.The third part discusses the effect and significance of these Buddhist archaeological remains in the cultural communication between the Central Plain and Tibetan Kingdom in the Tang Dynasty.The author suggests that because of the special approaches in the cultural communication between the Central Plain and Tibetan Kingdom,different cultural elements were able to be introduced into these areas simultaneously by the eminent monks from Tibet and/or Tang Empire.
目次
一 藏東地區考古發現的佛教造像遺存 353 (一)四川西北地區 354 (二)西藏昌都地區 358 1. 仁達摩崖造像 358 2. 扎廓西摩崖造像 362 3. 朗巴朗則摩崖造像 364 (三)青海玉樹地區 368 1. 貝納溝摩崖造像 368 2. 勒巴溝口摩崖造像 371 3. 勒巴溝內摩崖造像 373 二 大日如來信仰在藏東地區的傳播 375 三 唐蕃文化交流背景下的吐蕃佛教遺存 380 THE DISCOVERIES AND RESEARCHES ON THE BUDDHIST CLIFF-SIDE CARVINGS OF TUBO DYNASTY IN EASTERN TIBET-QINGHAI PLATEAU 384