「實證實修」：應用科學分析，正念治療，以及傳統靜坐三者之間的游移與槓桿=Triangulating “Evidence Based Practice” in Applied Behavior Analysis, Mindfulness Therapies, and Traditional Meditation Practices
有可能在研究分析禪修者時，考慮到禪修者的個人差異、自我觀察力，以及自我回饋嗎？在此報告，我探索以單一個案實驗研究SSED 的方式，來代替標準的隨機對照試驗的方法之可能性。我先擬出SSEDs，以及應用行為分析ABA 的參數，然後基於兩種眾所周知的正念治療：正念減壓MBSR，以及正念認知療法MBCT 來做研究。我也會交代二者的爭議。 檢視此二種療法時，我會聚焦於受試者的自我觀察能力所扮演的角色。我把特定的正念或者靜坐技巧視為「個人差異」的一部份。此外，我也會檢視此方式，和由 Francisco Varela 提出，而且受到提倡腦神經科學家應以具體化建構正念以及解構分析為研究工具的Michel Bitbol 極為推崇的生成論（或具身範式enactive）神似之處。
Is it possible to design evidence-based research studies incorporating meditation practice that take individual context, self-observation, and self-reporting into account? In this paper I explore Single-Subject Experimental Designs (SSEDs) as an alternative to standard Randomized Control Trials (RCTs). I first sketch the parameters of SSEDs, Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA), and research based on two well-known mindfulness-based therapies, Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) and Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT). I will also outline controversies that attend each mode. In examining these modes, my focus is the role of individual subject self-observation. Specific mindfulness or meditation techniques would be considered part of “individual context.” In this study I also examine possible convergences with the “enactive” approach pioneered by Francisco Varela and championed by Michel Bitbol, who proposed mindfulness and analytic deconstruction of reified constructs as laboratory tools for the neuroscientist.
