思想與空間的系譜 -- 僧肇的中觀學與草堂寺之「再脈絡化」歷程=Genealogies of the Thought and Space: The Recontextlization Process of Sengzhao's Madhyamaka Philosophy and the Caotang Temple
Born in the the Eastern Jin Dynasty, Sengzhao 僧肇 was interested in the Taoist thought, and translated Indian Buddhist scriptures later together with his teacher Kumārajīva in the Caotang Temple 草堂寺 and the Xiaoyao Garden 逍遙園. In his 31 years of life, Sengzhao discoured the philosophy of emptiness through the ambiguity strategy of Taoist thought terms and the thought of the two truths. Then Chinese Buddhism might transcend out of the analogical Interpretation Buddhism gradually and the Sanlun School 三論宗 was developed. This study focuses on two issues. First, from the perspective of philosophical analysis, how Sengzhao connected the Taoist thought terms with the madhyamaka philosophy? Secondly, while the Caotang temple where they translated scriptures did not exist anymore, the author would clarify the geography and historical context of the Caotang Temple and the Xiaoyao Garden, which are easy to be confused, through the literature, geographical analysis and nevestigation. And then the study discusses the multiple implications of this sense of space through the perspective of history and politics. In addition, the landscapes and the inscriptions with a deep Chinese genealogy culture in the Caotang Temple seem to provide a new meaning to this space and the community of practitioner. The translation location that implies the meaning of "the Other" was transformed into an important fundamental of Chinese Huayan Chan school with the meaning of locality, and in the sectarian map the Sanlun school master Sengzhao has been repositioned as a Chan master in later generations. It also means that a new school, genealogy and subjectivity of Chinese Buddhism are constructed in the process of "de-othering" and "re-contextlization" of the Buddhism and the Caotang Temple. This paper attempts to reflect two issues in different academic fields or methods from the perspective of genealogy and "re-contextlization." The constructions of the Chinese Buddhism, space and school imply the course of the sinicization of Buddhism.
