近現代の韓国仏教における戒律の役割 — 慈雲盛祐の行跡を中心に—=戒律在近現代韓國佛教中的作用 —— 以慈雲盛祐生平事蹟為中心=The Influence of Precepts on Contemporary Korean Buddhism: The Biography of Jaun Seongu
This work was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea Grant funded by the Korean government (NRF-2011-361-A00008).
關鍵詞
慈雲=Juan Seongu; 白龍城=Bai Long Cheng; 妻帯食肉=食肉帶妻=meat-eating and marriage; 鳳巖寺結社=Fong Yen Temple鳳巖寺 society; 単一戒壇=單一戒壇=single ordination platform; 大韓仏教曹溪宗=大韓佛教曹溪宗=the Jogye Order in Korea; 式叉摩那戒=Sikkhamana; 『四分律』=《四分律》=Dharmagupta-vinaya; 界=realm
In this article, we discuss the biography of Juan Seongu (1911-1992), the most venerated precept master in the largest Buddhist school in Korea, the Jogye Order 曹溪宗. Korean Buddhism went through difficult times during the Goryeo period (1392-1897), colonization by imperial Japan (1910-1945), the Korean war (1950-1953), and the period of internal purification of Buddhism (1954-1962). Internal disturbance within the religion was matched by poor external relations without. The ubiquity of “meat-eating and marriage” 食肉帶妻 had become a serious issue. At that time Bai Long Cheng 白龍城 (1864-1940), who was a monk as well as an independent activist, submitted a petition to the Governor’s Office with the consent of 127 monks to prohibit meateating and marriage for monks. We can assert that Juan Seongu realized the significance of precepts after his acquaintance with Bai Long Cheng. In the following year after they met, Juan Seongu vowed to reanimate the tradition of Buddhism. He held a prayer ceremony on Mt. Wutai, where he received a supernatural message from Mañjuśrī that “Buddhism will be revived if the precepts are maintained.” From then on, Juan Seongu believed that the practice and comprehension of the precepts were crucial to renovate Buddhism. He poured his time into the translation, research, publishing, and education of the vinaya texts, and rehabilitated ordination with preeminent faith. Most noteworthy was the reorganization of the “single ordination platform.” At that time the instability of the Sangha parallelled the disorganization of the ordination ceremony. For a long time, the qualifications and methods for renunciation as a monk or nun remained unclear. Due to the lack of precept education after ordination, the moral behavior of monks was also below standard. To resolve these problems, Juan Seongu initiated the idea of implementing the “single ordination platform.” This meant unifying the method of ordination so that ordinations were carried out only in head monasteries, but no longer in branch monasteries. Further, he also amended
