單注到集注：從敦煌吐魯番寫本遺存看僧肇《注維摩詰經》的流傳=From Single-author Commentaries to Multi-author Commentaries: The Development of Sengzhao's Commentary on the Vimalakīrti Nirdeśa Sūtra in Light of Manuscripts from Dunhuang and Turfan
After Kumārajīva translated the Vimalakīrti nirdeśa sūtra, he and his disciples such as Sengzhao, Daosheng and Daorong composed commentaries on it. In the beginning, these commentaries were circulated individually. Of these commentaries, Sengzhao’s commentary was the most popular. In the Tang Dynasty, collections assembling various commentaries started to appear, but this seems to be the product of later generations by manipulating the Tang date. After the late Tang period, a ten-fascicle multi-author collection under the name of Sengzhao was widely circulated. It is said that the single commentaries by individual commentators disappeared. The early history of the commentaries on the Vimalakīrti is difficult to recover due to the lack of transmitted texts. However, this article will focus on 45 manuscripts from Dunhuang and Turfan and categorize them into two groups, single-authored commentaries, and the multi-author commentaries, investigating the development of Sengzhao’s collection from the single-authored commentaries to the multi authored commentaries. In addition to analyzing these manuscripts, this article also makes a catalogue of the single-authored commentaries by Sengzhao and discusses the eight- and ten-fascicle collections, looking at their circulation dates, formats, and features. In addition, based on these discussions, this article examines the relationship of Sengzhao’s commentary to Daoye’s Commentary within the Pass on the Vimalakīrti Sūtra. Among the manuscripts from Dunhuang and Turfan, most of the single-authored commentaries came from the pre-Tang era. The multi-authored commentaries include eight-fascicle and ten-fascicle versions. The eight-fascicle versions can be seen in the manuscripts from the early Tang era. The ten-fascicle versions were from the midto late Tang period. These manuscripts provide precious evidence for our understanding of the spread of Sengzhao’s collection. This study therefore sheds new light on the transmission and development of commentaries on the Vimalakīrti nirdeśa sūtra from the single-author commentaries to the multi-authored commentaries.
