At the time of the Buddha, there was a "caste system" in the Indian society that determined the status of people into four castes. The awakened Buddha disagreed with these traditional claims and even advocated that "the four surnames are equal." What is the Buddhist point of view in terms of social, politics and economy issues? Mani-smṛti and the Pali as the main research materials in this dissertation. There are comparisons between Brahmanism and Theravāda Buddhism on social, political, and economic aspects. The Pali scriptures are quoted and explained how the Buddha skillfully taught people to live, and then extended the relationship with modern life. This dissertation is divided into six parts. In addition to the introduction and conclusions, the research topics include a comparison of the social, political, and economic perspectives of Theravāda Buddhism and Brahmanism, as well as methods of and lysing modern social problems. Through the comparisons and discussions, the buddhist ideas are more clear. The equality of the four surnames in Indian society is emphasized by the Buddha, which are able to eliminate unequal treatment, relieve people's inherent class pain. These Buddhist teachings persevered in the Pali literature are the foundation for social organization life, and are also suitable for people living in modern society as a basis for learning and practice.
