作者單位： 美國亞利桑那大學東亞研究系教授=Professor, Department of East Asian Studies, University of Arizona, USA, 加拿大溫尼伯大學宗教與文化系兼任教授=Adjunct Professor, Department of Religion & Culture, University of Winnipeg, Canada
關鍵詞
Yongming Yanshou=永明延壽; Chan=禪宗; Pure Land=淨土; bodhisattva cultivation=菩薩行
摘要
This paper challenges how the prominent Chinese Buddhist master Yongming Yanshou 永明延壽 (904-975) has been treated in the Buddhist tradition. Yanshou’s writings and example have been inspirational throughout East Asian Buddhism down to the present day. In this paper, I argue that Yanshou’s thought has been inadequately understood, owing to sectarian distinctions, on the one hand, and devotional attributions, on the other. The triumph of Linji faction interpretation of Chan as “a separate transmission outside the scriptures” (jiaowai biechuan 教外別傳) relegated Yanshou’s scripture laden interpretation of Chan as anachronistic, especially in Chinese Linji and Japanese Rinzai circles. The development of a Pure Land in the Song dynasty inspired devotees to re-envision Yanshou as a master dedicated to rebirth in the Pure Land. I argue that both of these developments serve to obscure Yanshou’s actual aim: one by excluding him from the ranks of “true” Chan/Zen; the other by misconstruing an aspect of Yanshou’s Buddhist cultivation, Pure Land practice, as a leading indicator, at the expense of his principal thrust.
1. Introduction 416 2. Questions Regarding Yongming Yanshou’s Buddhist Identity 418 3. Revisioning Yanshou as a Pure Land Master, Past and Present 421 4. Conclusion 427 中文摘要 430
