The female donor figures in cave 23 at the Maijishan Grottoes are neither original works of the Northern Wei dynasty nor statues repainted during the Sui dynasty, as has previously been considered, they are rather works repainted in the Northern Zhou dynasty. The characteristics of the costumes and the combination of the figures fully reflect the special social and historical style of a time when Han Chinese and non-Han peoples mixed together and vividly exhibit scenes of Northern Dynasties noble ladies paying tribute to the Buddha in Qinzhou region.
