佛經文本與藝術遺存所呈現的古代文化交流 - 以月光王本生為例=On the Ancient Cultural Exchanges Evidenced by Buddhist Texts and Artistic Remains - Taking the Candraprabha-Jātaka as an Example
The stories of Buddhist scriptures that have been passed down to the present are numerous, but few of these Buddhist sutras retain the multi-linguistic scriptural texts and artistic relics originally associated with them. The Candraprabha-Jātaka is one of the few exceptions. A study on the Buddhist scriptures and artistic relics relevant to the Candraprabha-Jātaka has led to the following conclusions: I. The creation of auxiliary texts about the Candraprabha-Jātaka likely occurred in the period of the Kushan Dynasty, and the earliest content of Candraprabha-Jātaka appeared in the Divyāvadana, which was compiled by the Sarvāstivāda school between200-350 CE; II. Although the text of Divyāvadana no longer exists, its content can still be found in the remains of 2 nd-3 rd century Gandhara reliefs, and the earliest Chinese version of the Candraprabha-Jātaka can be found summarized in the text of Liudu Ji Jing which was translated in 251 CE; III. The idea of giving away everything embodied by the king of Candraprabha was passed down into Buddhist tradition by the Sarvāstivāda school; the iconography created in the Gandhara region, depicting a Brahmin raising his sword and the king of Candraprabha bowing his head in acceptance of his fate, and murals in Kizil, which paint the minister of Mahācandra holding the "seven-treasure heads," are all present in Cave 275 at the Mogao Grottoes in Dunhuang. According to the testimony of these artistic remains, cultural exchanges between the East and the West were not only topics available for depiction but even maturely represented themes in the ancient Buddhist world.