Author affiliation: Editor, 84000: Translating the Words of the Buddha Visiting Scholar, UC Santa Barbara
關鍵詞
Tibetan Buddhism; Tantric Buddhism; ritual, death; funerary rites; Sarvadurgatipariśodhana tantra; Rje btsun Grags pa rgyal mtshan; Go rams pa Bsod nams seng ge; Bo dong Paṇ chen Phyogs las rnam rgyal; polemics
摘要
The Sarvadurgatipariśodhana tantra (SDP) has informed Tibetan Buddhist funerary practices since it was first translated into Tibetan in the late eighth century. One of its most influential interpreters was the Sa skya pa hierarch Rje btsun Grags pa rgyal mtshan (1147–1216), whose Light Rays for the Benefit of Others: The Rituals of Sarvavid offers detailed instructions for performing the SDP’s rites. Light Rays became a source of contention for some later scholars, most notably the prolific Bo dong Paṇ chen Phyogs las rnam rgyal (1375/6–1451) and the Sa skya pa luminary Go rams pa Bsod nams seng ge (1429–89). Bo dong Paṇ chen’s Definitive Explanation of the Rituals of Sarvavid Vairocana is highly critical of Light Rays, while Go rams pa’s Overcoming Harm for the Benefit of Others defends Light Rays against Bo dong Paṇ chen’s critiques. This article considers the context of this dispute before examining three of the topics discussed: the necessity of purifying the site of the ritual, visualization practices associated with the object representing the deceased, and the relationship between the SDP’s framing narratives and the rituals that free the dead from bad rebirths. It also reflects on the relevance of these two works for understanding ritual polemics as a form of Tibetan polemical writing.
目次
ABBREVIATIONS 102 TEXTS AND CONTEXTS 105 Bo dong Paṇ chen: Dreams, Debates, and Innovations 105 Go rams pa: Dreams, Polemics, and Patronage 112 Bo dong Paṇ chen’s Definitive Explanation 118 TOPICAL OUTLINE OF BO DONG PAṆ CHEN’S DEFINITIVE EXPLANATION 119 Go rams pa’s Overcoming Harm for the Benefit of Others 122 TOPICAL OUTLINE OF GO RAMS PA’S OVERCOMING HARM FOR THE BENEFIT OF OTHERS 126 THE CONTROVERSIES 128 Disputing the Site Ritual 128 Bo dong Paṇ chen’s Critiques 132 Go rams pa’s Reply 134 Analysis 137 Disputing the Visualization of the Ritual Support 140 Grags pa rgyal mtshan on Visualizing the Ritual Support 140 Bo dong Paṇ chen’s Critiques 141 Go rams pa’s Reply 142 Analysis 144 Disputing Narrative and Necroliberative Performance 146 Grags pa rgyal mtshan on the Necroliberative Process 146 Bo dong Paṇ chen’s Critiques 148 Go rams pa’s Reply 150 Analysis 152 CONCLUSION: RITUAL POLEMICS AS GENRE 152
