Gregor PAUL is a professor of philosophy at Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), and the Honorary President of the German China Association.
關鍵詞
Wŏnhyo; universal logic; law of non-contradiction; religious logic; skillful means
摘要
In my reflections about logic and religion in Wŏnhyo’s Buddhism, I presuppose that there exist logical laws normatively valid for all human beings. My analyses then focus on the question of whether Wŏnhyo held that in, and because of, certain Buddhist teachings, some such laws as for instance the Principle of non-contradiction need not be accepted. Answering this question in the negative, I argue that Wŏnhyo, in spite of being a devout Buddhist, uncompromisingly rejected logical inconsistencies, thus comparing favorably to many medieval Christian scholastics. In particular, I deal with Wŏnhyo’s use of “skillful means” (upāya) as a device to avoid contradiction. However, I also admit that important questions remain open, and I try to make it clear that, from a methodological point of view, skillful means is a rather dubious tool to solve logical problems.
目次
Abstract My Basic Interests and Convictions 13 Religious or Sacred Teachings and Logicalness in Medieval Christian Scholasticism and in Wŏnhyo 13 Paradoxical Logic, Mādhyamika Logic, and “Logic of Unlimited Affirmation” 19 Dan Lusthaus’ Translation of the Critical Discussion, and My Analyses of Wŏnhyo’s Logic 20 Inconsistencies in Buddhist Teachings, Methods to Solve Them and Related Questions 21 The Relationship Between Sacred Teachings and Logicalness According to the Treatise on the Ten Ways of Resolving Controversies, the Doctrinal Essentials of the Sūtra of Immeasurable Life and the Critical Discussion 22 Conclusion 26 Appendix 1 28 Appendix 2 29 References 37
