Introduction 47 Basic Concepts 49 (a) akhyata 49 (b) Effort (yatna, prayatna) 50 (c) Verbal root (dhatu) 51 (d) The signifying function (vrtti) 53 (e) Verbal understanding (sabdabodha, sabdajnana) 53 (f) Differentiating factors: qualifier (visesana), indicator (upalaksana), and epistemic qualifier (prakara) 55 (g) Meaning (artha) 57 A Translation with Annotation of the Akhyatavada of Raghunatha with the edited Sanskrit text 59 ABBREVIATIONS AND BIBLIOGRAPHY 69