作者單位：嘉義大學中國文學系教授 Professor of Department of Chinese Language and Literature at Chiayi University.
關鍵詞
敦煌寫本=Dunhuang manuscript; 正名要錄=Zhengming Yaolu; 字樣書=the reference of character samples; 別字=wrongly-written characters; 音同義異=same pronunciations but different meaning
摘要
敦煌寫本 S.388《正名要錄》首題作「《正名要錄》霍王友兼徐州司馬郎知本 (年)撰」首尾完整，計 185 行，是唐代早期推行楷書字體標準化，大力倡導「正 字」運動所編纂的「字樣書」。其內容除了針對音義相同而字形有別的異體字以 成例來分辨「正、俗、通、訛」外，也收錄了大量「同音別義」字，用以教示正 確辨別同音異義字的使用。本文特從語文教育的視角出發，針對《正名要錄》「本 音雖同字義各別」例所收錄唐代早期日常用字中「音同義異」且易致混淆錯用的 788 字，進行析論，以彰顯分辨「別字」在歷代用字教育的重要性。 The Dunhuang manuscript S.388 has a title called the Zhengming Yaolu with complete opening and ending sections and it has 185 lines in total. This text is a sample reference for the standard-character movement that were promoted in the early Tang Dynasty. The content of this text focuses on the characters with same pronunciations and meanings but different structures and it categorizes these characters into four groups including standard, vernacular, interchangeable, and wrong characters. This text also collects a great number of characters with same pronunciations but different meanings in order to teach readers how to correctly use these characters. This study will base on the perspective of the philological education to discuss 788 characters that were commonly used in the daily life of the early Tang era, for highlighting the significance of wrongly-written characters in the script education in the past.
