試探越南陳朝陳仁宗 〈得趣林泉成道歌〉喃賦中之禪思=A Tentative Study of Chan Thoughts in Nôm Ode “Arrivals at Lin Quan Enlightenment Song” by Trần Nhân Tông in Tran Dynasty of Vietnam
越南陳朝=Tran Dynasty of Vietnam; 仁宗=Nhân Tông; 〈得趣林泉成道歌〉=“Arrivals at Lin Quan Enlightenment Song”; 禪思= Chan thoughts; 禪淨合一=The consistency between Chan and Pure Land Buddhism
摘要
本文主要探討越南陳朝竹林禪派（Thiền phái Trúc Lâm）初祖陳仁宗（Trần Nhân Tông）〈得趣林泉成道歌〉（Đắc thú lâm tuyền thành đạo ca）賦中之禪思，凝視點為分析與比較仁宗與其他禪師相遇之處，尤其是禪淨一致的修法及理想，目的為顯出仁宗禪學根源、特色，以及其對越南佛教 的帶動性。 此文注意將越南歷代古籍與古人之論說當作仁宗該賦中禪思的觀察點、相較與對話的對象。另外，筆者以近人一些論述為申論仁宗禪學思想之對象。從而指出仁宗禪學的理論和實踐修行與前後、同世代與過度、或不同國度者之異同處。 雖未進行將〈得趣林泉成道歌〉各版本來對照，但至少儘量提供一些參考的管道，如黎孟闥、黃氏午所供給《禪宗本行》（Thiền tông bản hạnh）之木版，或者阮惠之《李陳詩文》（Thơ văn Lý Trần）之手寫版、釋清慈《竹林三祖講解》（Trúc Lâm Tam Tổ giảng giải）之手寫和其《越 南禪師》（Thiền sư Việt Nam）印刷版。
This article will predominantly discuss the Chan thoughts of Trần Nhân Tông in “Arrivals to Lin Quan Enlightenment Song” (Đắc thú lâm tuyền thành đạo ca). He was the first patriach of Bamboo Forest Chan sect in the Tran Dynasty of Vietnam. The gaze point is to analyze and to compare the encounters between Nhân Tông and other Chan masters, especially the practice and ideals of the consistency between Chan and Pure Land Buddhism. The purpose is to show the roots and characteristics of Nhân Tông and the driving to Vietnamese Buddhism. This article pays attention to the ancient literature of Vietnam and ancients argumentations as observation points to Nhân Tông’s Chan thoughts, and also the object of dialogue. In addition, some recent discussions are also taken as object for reflections of Nhân Tông’s Chan thoughts. Following that, the article points out the similarities and differences between doctrine and practice of Nhân Tông’s Chan thoughts compared with the former, the later and the concurrent generations as well as with different countries. Although this is not a complete comparison among various versions of “Arrivals at Lin Quan Enlightenment Song,” the author tried to provide some resources for reference, such as the wood-carved version of Thiền tông bản hạnh from Lê Mạnh Thát and Hoàng Thị Ngọ, the handwritten version of Thơ văn Lý Trần from Nguyễn Huệ Chi, the handwritten version of Tam Tổ Trúc Lâm Giảng Giải and the printed version of Thiền sư Việt Nam from Thích Thanh Từ.
