Author affiliation:international Buddhist Studies College, Mahachulalongkornrajavidyalaya University
關鍵詞
Four Noble Truths; Morality; Suffering (dukkha); Clinging (upādāna)
摘要
Arthur Schopenhauer, a German pessimistic philosopher (1788-1860), proclaimed that suffering is the direct and immediate feeling of realizing that life, mind and knowledge obviously fail here. For him the morals of mediation insight into the essential identity, the identity with all sufferings of all beings, is the insight by which the original egoism is overcome. The Buddhist moral concept suggests cultivation of loving kindness (mettā) and compassion (karunā) and in the same way minimizes the desire and reduces one’s own ego. The essence of the Buddhist teaching formulated in the first sermon given by the Buddha as the Four Noble Truths is that unhappiness and unsatisfactoriness (dukkha) are caused by the ego and four types of clinging (upādāna). The practice of Buddhism combines the essence of the Four Noble Truths and the practical detailed explanation of the Eightfold Noble Path divided into three groups: morality, concentration, and wisdom.
目次
Introduction 2 Schopenhauer’s Suffering 2 Buddhism and Suffering (Dukkha) 3 Schopenhauer’s Moral and Ethic 4 Buddhism’s Moral and Ethics 5 Schopenhauer’s on Liberation 7 Conslusion 9
