The avadāna quotation in the Abhidharmakośopāyikā-ṭīkā (Up 4069) 63 Translation of Up 4069 65 A Mūlasarvāstivāda Kṣudraka: tracing the source of the avadāna 66 The Vinaya context 74 The (unwelcome) change of sex to female as an illustration of presently effective karma: a gendered evaluation? 76 The Bodhisattva’s five hundred female births 81