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“活句”：大慧宗杲看話禪的特質=“Huoju”: Characteristics of Master ZongGao’s Kanhua Zen |
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| 作者 |
李海濤 =Li, Hai-tao
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| 出處題名 |
선학=禪學=Journal of Seon Studies
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| 卷期 | v.49 n.0 |
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| 出版日期 | 2018.04.30 |
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| 頁次 | 39 - 56 |
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| 出版者 | 韓國禪學會 |
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| 出版者網址 |
http://www.seonstudy.org/seon/
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| 出版地 | Korea [韓國] |
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| 資料類型 | 期刊論文=Journal Article |
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| 使用語言 | 中文=Chinese |
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| 附註項 | 著者所屬: 山東大學 宗敎學系 副敎授 |
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| 關鍵詞 | 간화선=看話禪; 공안선=公案禪; 활구=活句; 의정=疑情; 대혜종고=大慧宗杲; Kanhua Zen=看話禪; Buddhist case Zen=公案禪; Huoju=活句; Self-perception=疑情; Master ZongGao=宗杲 |
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| 摘要 | 看話禪因大慧宗杲的宣導而盛, 成爲宋代以後禪學發展的主要方向. 看話禪不同於以往 的頌古, 評唱等注重文字意解理會, 而從“公案”集中到一個“話頭”. 宗杲要求在行住坐臥 中時時提起“話頭”進行參究, 念念不忘, 進而通過“話頭”來返觀自己, 對自身進行“疑 情”. “疑”要做到山窮水盡疑無路, 噴地一發, 疑團一破, 大悟現前, 得見諸佛. 從理論上 看, 宗杲的看話禪首先强調的是“決定信”, “信得及”, 從而依信而起一大疑(包含千疑萬疑), 疑上做功夫, 疑無可疑, 大死一番, 就會驀然頓悟, 見性證果. 此中之過程, 皆通過“話 頭”而完成. 所以, 宗杲的看話禪理論核心是“話頭”, 而話頭的特質就在於“活句性”, 卽 不可解釋性. 作爲活句的“話頭”在公案中旣不是從正面或反面回答問題, 表現爲答非所 問, 又無法對“話頭”(答語)進行思維, 解釋, 表現爲無理路無意路. 無理路强調無法通過理 性用道理去說明和認識, 無意路强調沒有任何實際意義. 所以, 看“話頭”時不能進行正 常性的理解和認識, 而是要大發疑情, 進入到一種口議心思不及, “無滋味”的狀態, 方能 見性成佛.
Kanhua Zen, flourished due to the advocacy of Master ZongGao, became the main direction of Zen after Song Dynasty. Different from former Songgu(頌古) or Pingchang(評唱), which focused on the understanding of words, Kanhua Zen concentrates on certain “Huatou”(話頭) from a Buddhist case. Upon ZongGao’s requirements, “Huatou” shall be mentioned timely during daily life in an effort to review one’s own performance and make “Yiqing”(疑情, self-perception). “Yi”(疑, query) means one should query everything and see through everything to attain Enlightenment. In theory, the Kanhua Zen of ZongGao paid attention to “firm belief”(決定信) and “timely belief”(信得及), thus querying(including multiple queries) based on belief until reaching the state of having noting to be queried, which means people are enlightened. All of these processes are realized through “Huatou”. The “Huoju”(活句, words that can make people attain Enlightenment) which is taken as “Huatou” either answers question positively or negatively or makes people think or explain the “Huatou” in the Buddhist case. “Huatou” can’t be understood through rational thinking or conscious idea, namely it can’t be explained or understood through rational way or have any actual meaning. Therefore, in the process of “kanhua”(看話), people can’t understand or think in conventional way, but shall query everything and pass into the condition of having no time to discussing or thinking; during then, people would enter the status of “vapidity”(無滋味) and would attain Enlightenment.
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| 目次 | 摘要 39
一. 序言 40
二. 大慧宗杲與看話禪的興起 41
三. 大慧宗杲的看話禪理論 45
四. 宗杲看話禪的“活句”特質 48
五. 結語 52
參考文獻 53
Abstract 55 |
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| ISSN | 15980588 (P) |
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| DOI | 10.22253/JSS.2018.4.49.39 |
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| 點閱次數 | 1265 |
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| 建檔日期 | 2022.06.03 |
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| 更新日期 | 2022.06.03 |
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