After Shinran, his doctrinal understanding was carried by Kakunyo, Zonkaku, and Rennyo in a lineage within the Jōdoshinshū Honganji-ha, whereas other Japanese Pure Land Schools interpreting matters in a different way, such as the Chinzei and Nishiyama schools, did not exist before the Edo period. Chikū (1634–1718), the second Nōke living in the early Edo period, by referring to the books written by different schools, clarified the Honanji-ha Shinshū doctrine and distinguished it from that of other schools. Chikū created the foundation of Shinshū doctrine by developing the thoughts of the Jūmonfunbetsu, Jikkō-no-setsui, and Busshin-butsdo-ron. He is well known for his several books titled Muryōjukyō-ronchu-yokuge, Wasan-shusho, and Shisaiki.
