This article is a comparative study of the meaning of Buddhist precepts and Mencius's "Benevolence and Righteousness" thought. Among them, the Buddhist precepts include meanings such as "contemplating and restraining behavior", "eliminating evil and cultivating good", and "cultivating bodhicitta". Mencius thought that the principles of all things are in one's own body, so through self-reflection and humility and reform, the benevolence that fits the "Tao" can be extended to the manifestation of behavior and dealing with others ("Righteousness"). In this regard, both Buddhism's precepts and Mencius's thoughts of Benevolence and Righteousness are implemented in the restraint of self-behavior and collect the mind, and extend to the relationship between oneself and other sentient beings. As for their common purpose, they are inseparable from "selflessness" (no distinction), "seeing others as yourself" (empathy), and "cannot bear all sentient beings to be harmed" (compassion). Based on this, it is expanded to bodhicitta and behaviors that benefit all sentient beings. It can be seen from this that "collecting the mind" is the basis of "preserving the precepts" and "Benevolence and Righteousness." In addition, because "mind" and "behavior" are inseparable from each other, it shows the world's dharma ("action" or "phenomenon") and reality ("essence" or "real") is beyond duality
