Kai Sheng is a Professor in and currently the Vice Head of the Department of Philosophy, at Tsinghua University, as well as the Vice Director of the Institute for Ethics and Religious Studies (IERS) at that same university. His research areas include Buddhist schools of the South and North Dynasties in China, the relations between Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism, the social history of Chinese Buddhism, Buddhism in the modern society, and Buddhism and western philosophy.
摘要
The goal of this book is to study the ways in which Chinese Buddhists expressed their religious faiths and how Chinese Buddhists interacted with society at large since the Northern and Southern dynasties (386-589), through the Ming (1368-1644) and the Qing (1644-1911), up to the Republican era (1912-1949). The book aims to summarize and present the historical trajectory of the Sinification of Buddhism in a new light, revealing the symbiotic relationship between Buddhist faith and Chinese culture. The book examines cases such as repentance, vegetarianism, charity, scriptural lecture, the act of releasing captive animals, the Bodhisattva faith, and mountain worship, from multiple perspectives such as textual evidence, historical circumstances, social life, as well as the intellectual background at the time.
目次
Contents List of Figures Introduction: Expression and Transformation of Chinese Buddhist Faith: Perspectives of Institutional History, Social History, Cultural History, and Scholarship History 1 “Entire Buddhism” and the Sinicization of Buddhism 2 The Perspective of Institutional History in Chinese Buddhist Faith 3 The Perspective of Social History in Chinese Buddhist Faith 4 The Perspective of Cultural History in Chinese Buddhist Faith 1 The Faith and Lifestyles of Buddhists during the Northern and Southern Dynasties 1 The Formation of Buddhist Repentance 1.1 Daoan’s Regulations for Monks and Nuns and Confession of Transgressions 1.2 Preaching in the Northern and Southern Dynasties 1.3 Purification Gathering (Zhaihui齋會) and Repenting Transgressions (Huiguo悔過) 1.4 The Formation of Repentance Rites in the Six Dynasties Period (222-589) 1.5 Zhenguan真觀 (538-611) and the Formation of the Lianghuang Chan梁皇懺 2 The Formation of the Tradition of Buddhist Vegetarianism 2.1 The Scriptural Basis of Vegetarianism 2.2 The Tradition of Monastic Vegetarianism before Liang Wudi 2.3 Vegetarianism of Zhou Yong周顒 (?-493) and Shen Yue沈約 (441-513) 2.4 The Thought of Liang Wudi in the “Duan Jiurou Wen” 3 Buddhist Societies in the Northern and Southern Dynasties and Philanthropy 3.1 Buddhist Societies of the Northern and Southern Dynasties 3.2 Buddhist Merit Making in the Northern and Southern Dynasties 98 3.3 Buddhist Philanthropy in the Northern and Southern Dynasties 101 4 The Cult of the Fahua jing in the Northern and Southern Dynasties 114 4.1 The Idea of Samādhi in the Fahua Jing 4.2 The Contemplative Method of “Lotus Samādhi” in the Siwei Lüeyao Fa思惟略要法 4.3 Idea of Repentance in the Puxian Guanjing普賢觀經 4.4 The Popularity of the Cult of the Fahua Jing 4.5 Huisi’s Fahua Jing Anlexing Yi 法華經安樂行義 5 Cults of Bhaiṣajyaguru, Avalokiteśvara and Relics in the Northern and Southern Dynasties 5.1 The Cult of Bhaiṣajyaguru in the Northern and Southern Dynasties 143 5.2 The Cult of Avalokiteśvara in the Northern and Southern Dynasties 148 5.3 The Cult of Relics during the Northern and Southern Dynasties 152 6 Concluding Remarks Appendix 1.1: The Translation of Avalokiteśvara’s Name and the Transmission of Related Scriptures 2 Faith and Lifestyle of Buddhists in the Sui, Tang and Five Dynasties 1 Buddhist Faith and Rituals in the Sui and Tang 1.1 Zhiyi and the Compilation of Repentance Rites 1.2 Zongmi and the Yuanjue Jing Daochang Xiuzheng Yi圓覺經道場修證儀 1.3 Repentance Ritual of Chan Buddhism in the Tang Dynasty 1.4 Daoxuan and the Repentance Ritual of the Vinaya School 1.5 Shandao and Pure Land Rites of Worship and Praise 1.6 Sui and Tang Medicine Buddha Altars and the Repentance Ritual of Worshiping the Medicine Buddha 1.7 Maitreya Faith and Ritual of Maitreya Worship and Repentance 2 Neidaochang 內道場 and Śarīra Worship in the Sui and Tang 2.1 Origins of the Neidaochang內道場 2.2 Yang Guang’s Huiri Daochang and Riyan Monastery 2.3 Neidaochang in the Tang Dynasty 2.4 Śarīra Worship of Emperor Wen of Sui 2.5 Śarīra Worship of the Emperors in the Tang Dynasty 3 Buddhist Social Philanthropy in the Sui and Tang Periods 3.1 Buddhist Philanthropy in the Sui Dynasty 3.2 Compassion-Field Infirmaries in the Tang Dynasty 3.3 Monastery Boarding Houses in the Tang Dynasty 4 Public Lectures and Illustrative Narrative in the Tang and Five Dynasties 4.1 Ritual Procedures for Lecturing on Sūtras in the Tang and Five Dynasties 4.2 Public Lectures in the Tang and Five Dynasties 4.3 Illustrative Lecture and Illustrative Narrative in the Tang and Five Dynasties Period 5 Conclusion Appendix 2.1: An English Translation of the Yaoshi Daochang Wen 藥師道場文 (Text of the Medicine Buddha Altar; B. 8719V), Based on Li Xiaorong’s Critical Edition Appendix 2.2: 34 Monastics Affiliated with Yang Gu
