從中晚唐敦煌《維摩詰經》的講經僧看佛教論義及講經文的關係=The Relationship between the Sutra Preachers of the Vimalakirti Sutra and Buddhist Upa-desa and Sutra Texts from Dunhuang in the Middle and Late Tang Dynasties
An examination of the seven monks who lectured on the Vimalakirti Sutra in Dunhuang, represented by Cao Fajiang曹法鏡, suggests that most of these monks lived in the mid-and late-Tang dynasties and had experience during the Tuban reign; they studied the sutras and debated them, and were characterized by a combination of Vimalakirti and Yoga and Vijñapti-mātratā. This reflects the fact that while Buddhist doctrine was declining in the cultural centers of the mid- and late-Tang dynasties, the study of Yoga and Vijñapti-mātratā was flourishing in the Dunhuang area (the journals of the Japanese monks who entered the Tang dynasty also provide relevant evidence). This combination of Vedic doctrine and yogic consciousness is also reflected in the use of the transcriptions of the Jingming Sutra Guanzhong Shichao淨名經關中釋抄by Daoye道液, which was brought to Dunhuang from Chang'an, by sutra lecturers such as Cao Fajing曹法鏡, and to some extent influenced the creation of Vedic sutras, as represented in the Manuscript S.4571 Lectures on the Vimalakirti Sutra Conserved in France.
