僧肇=Sengzhao; 注維摩詰經=Zhu weimo jiejing; 維摩詰所說經=Vimalakīrti Sūtra; 淨土=jingtu; 體用=essence (ti) and function (yong); 菩薩行=bodhisattvas’practices; 龍樹菩薩=Nāgārjuna; 二諦=the two truths
摘要
The Vimalakīrti Sūtra or Vimalakīrtinirdeśa, translated by Kumārajīva in 406 C.E., is considered one of the most profound and popular Mahayana sutras throughout the Chinese Buddhist history. One of its commentaries─Zhu weimojie jing注維摩詰經, which is written by Sengzhao, is not only the earliest commentary for Vimalakīrti Sūtra but also one of the most commonly cited texts in the history of Chinese Buddhism. The concept of “jingtu (purifying the land 淨土)” frequently appears in Vimalakīrti Sūtra. By adopting Nāgārjuna’s perspective of the two truths, Sengzhao developed the idea of essence (ti體) and function (yong用) to interpret the concept of “jingtu.”Therefore, this paper aims to clarify the interpretations between Kumārajīva and Sengzhao about this concept, and through providing an English translation of Sengzhao’s commentary on this chapter, the concept of “jingtu”and the idea of“essence and function”will be examined.
目次
Abstract i Acknowledgements ii Table of Contents iii List of Abbreviation iv Chapter One – Introduction 1 1.1 Background 1 1.1.1 The Characteristics of the Translations of Vimalakīrti Sūtra 2 1.1.2 The Importance of Vimalakīrti Sūtra 4 1.1.3 Sengzhao’s Commentary of Vimalakīrti Sūtra 8 1.1.4 Other commentaries of Vimalakīrti Sūtra 9 1.2 Motivation 11 1.3 Literature Review 13 1.4 Methodology 14 1.5 Structure 16 Chapter Two – Translation of the Chapter of Buddha Land Based on Sengzhao’s Commentary 17 Chapter Three – Analysis on the Concept of “Jingtu” 141 3.1 The Original Meaning of “Jingtu” 141 3.2 Kumārajīva’s Interpretation of“Jingtu” 145 3.3 Sengzhao’s Interpretation of “Jingtu” 150 Conclusion 164 Appendix 167 Bibliography 203
