Philosophy, religion and theology; Social Sciences; Avalokitesvara; Dhāranī; Dunhuang; Manuscript; P.3538; T.1058
摘要
Of the thousands of Buddhist manuscripts discovered at Dunhuang, there are many examples of non-official sūtras and dhāranī collections more difficult to identify than those with titles identical to canonical sūtras. Manuscript collection catalogs are the first sources consulted when one undertakes research involving manuscripts and in order to be a truely valuable resource, they need to reflect current scholarship. This thesis studies the Dunhuang manuscript, Pelliot chinois 3538, from different perspectives, examining its ritual, iconography, and textual variances. It compares its iconographical program to manuscript sūtras and canonical scriptures, uncovering new information regarding the content of multiple manuscripts. From this research it is apparent that P.3538 is an Avalokiteśvara dhāranī ritual that is iconographically informed from a variety of canonical texts: sūtras in the Nīlakantha/Qianshou cluster, the Mahāpratisarā dhāranīsūtra and its corresponding amulet culture, and sūtras connected with the bodhisattva’s narrative history. In examining other manuscripts from Cave 17, we have found that it is a member of a Dunhuang manuscript cluster and is visually represented in an ink on paper altar diagram, Stein no. Ch.00189, from the British Museum. Integrating these findings would enrich descriptive catalogs for future research.
目次
Abstract i List of Tables iv Chapter 1. Introduction 1 2. A Translation of P.3538 8 3. Description of P.3538 18 Physical Description 18 Overview of P.3538's Contents 20 General Comparison with T.1058 21 4. Ritual 23 Homa 24 Abhiṣeka 28 Dhāraṇī Ritual 33 5. Dhāraṇī and Texts 37 The Dhāraṇī and Dhāraṇī Sūtras 38 Nīlakaṇṭha/Qianshou Cluster 42 The 'Eye and Arm' Problem 44 The Source of Great Compassion 46 6. Iconography 51 The Ambiguous Mudrā /Yin 印 52 Amulets as Maṇḍalas 60 The Maṇḍala Diagram 63 Deities 71 Imagery 78 7. Manuscript Relationships 88 Fan/bo 蕃 89 The Flaming Character '燄' 90 'The Rest is in the Sūtra' 91 Other Dunhuang Manuscripts 92 S.2498 92 S.2716 93 S.1210 94 P.3920 94 8. Conclusion 100 Bibliography 104 Primary Sources 104 Secondary Sources 105 Appendices A. Transcription of P.3538 111 B. Manuscript Images 116 C. Maṇḍala Diagram (CH.00189) 119 List of Tables P.3538 Seals and T.1060 Mudrās 59 Manuscript Ritual Seals 97 Manuscript Textual Markers 98
