Hugh Nicholson is Associate Professor of Theology at Loyola University Chicago.
關鍵詞
No-self; Trinity; social identity theory; cognitive science of religion; comparative theology
摘要
In The Spirit of Contradiction in Christianity and Buddhism, Hugh Nicholson examines the role of social identity processes in the development of two religious concepts: the Christian doctrine of Consubstantiality and the Buddhist doctrine of No-self. Consubstantiality, the claim that the Son is of the same substance as the Father, forms the basis of the doctrine of the Trinity, while No-self, the claim that the personality is reducible to its impersonal physical and psychological constituents, is a defining tenet of Theravada Buddhism. Both doctrines are massively counterintuitive in that they violate our basic assumptions and understandings about the world. While cognitive approaches to the study of religion have explained why these doctrines have difficulty taking root in popular religious thought, they are largely silent on the question of why these concepts have developed in the first place. Nicholson aims to fill this gap by examining the historical development of these two concepts.
Nicholson argues that both of these doctrines were the products of hegemonic struggles in which one faction tried to get the upper hand over the other by maximizing the contrast with the dominant subgroup. Thus the "pro-Nicene" theologians of the fourth century developed the concept of Consubstantiality in an effort to maximize, against their "Arian" rivals, the contrast with Christianity's archetypal "other," Judaism. Similarly, the No-self doctrine stemmed from an effort to maximize, against the so-called Personalist schools of Buddhism, the contrast with Brahmanical Hinduism, symbolized by its doctrine of the deathless self. In this way, Nicholson demonstrates how, to the extent that religious traditions are driven by social identity processes, they back themselves into doctrinal positions that they must then retrospectively justify.
目次
Preface Chapter 1: Social Identity and the Development of Doctrine Part 1: Christological Maximalism Chapter 2: An External History of Christological Development Chapter 3: From Messiah to Logos Chapter 4: From Pre-existent Word to Consubstantial Son: The Arian Controversy Part 2: Buddhist Selflessness Chapter 5: Anatta in the Pali Canon Chapter 6: Anatmavada versus Pudgalavada in Abhidharmic and Post-Canonical Literature Chapter 7: Theological Creativity and Doctrinal Constraint Notes Bibliography Index
