北宋 “文字禪” 出現背景探究 -以禪學與詩學的關系爲中心=Background study of the appearance of the North Song dynasty`s Literary Chan,Centering around the relationship between Chan studies and Poetics
What is “Literary Chan”? When and where did the Literary Chan first appear? This thesis explores the first usage of the word “Literary Chan”, organizes different definitions of the word, and probes the background of the formation of the Literary Chan, centering the relationship between the Poetics and the Chan studies of the Tang and Wudai Dynasties. Chan and Poem are intimatelyrelated, because the Chan Language and the Poetic Language both emphasize symbolism and metaphor. In the way of expression, Chan and Poetics also congruously propelled “Illuminating Enlightenment with poetry” and “Comparing Poetry to Enlightenment.” Additionally, poems are essentially a product which came to existence when subjective emotions and understanding encountered objective matters, which could also be interpreted as a revelation of human nature. Thispoint also reduces the distance between Chan and Poetics. This similarity between Chan and Poetics is also one of the internal reasons behind the gradual separation of the Chan studies from theirown divisions, the pursuit of the way of “Not independent from the written words”, and the ultimate formation of the new trend of the Literary Chan. Although usually there is a tendency to interpret the advent of the Literary Chan, that is “not independent from the written words”, as a mark of Chan Buddhism’s decline, this writer does not agree with this tendency. The Literary Chan is a product of an attempt to meet the requirement of the era and to overcome the impediment of time, made by the Chan monks. One can say that “thanks to the teachings get Buddhist Enlightenment” and “learning the Buddhist thoughts without literary assistance”, “non reliance upon the written words” and “not independent from the written words” are both products of the Chan monks’ diligence. Thus, valuing of the congruence between Chan and Poetics, and the advent of the Literary Chan that is “not independent from the written words” are bothconsequences of the development of the Chan Studies. It never abandoned or contradicted the spirit of “non reliance upon the written words”, and in fact played a dominant role in eliminating the detrimental consequences resulted by “non reliance upon the written words”, if anything.