Yogācāra; Epistemology; Soteriology; Three natures; Three characters
摘要
This article focuses on the three natures (trisvabhāva) or three characters (trilakṣaṇa) doctrine as described in Indian Yogācāra treatises. This concept is fundamental to Yogācāra epistemology and soteriology, but terminology employed by contemporary buddhologists misconstrues and misrepresents some of its most important features, particularly with regard to the ‘ultimately real nature’ (pariniṣpanna-svabhāva), which is equated with terms that connote ultimate reality like ultimate truth (paramārtha), emptiness (śūnyatā), and reality limit (bhūta-koṭi), and which is described as a ‘purifying object of observation’ (viśuddhālambana) that facilitates insight when properly understood by meditators. The article discusses how it is described in a range of Yogācāra treatises and compares this with how it has been conceived in academic studies of Indic Yogācāra literature.
目次
Abstract 49 Keywords 49 Introduction 49 The Three Natures/Three Characters in the Works of Asaṅga and Vasubandhu 52 Sponberg’s ‘Pivotal Model’ and How Pariniṣpanna Figures in It 55 Nagao’s Interpretation of the Three Characters/Natures 56 Synonyms of Pariniṣpanna 58 Analogies of the Three Characters/Natures 60 Translations and Interpretations of Pariniṣpanna 63 Conclusion 67 References 68
