1. Kazuharu Mizuno is physical geographer and professor in the Department of Geography, Graduate School of Letters, Kyoto University, following nearly 20 years as an associate professor of the Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies and the Graduate School of Asian and African Area Studies, Kyoto University, Japan. He graduated from Department of Geography at Nagoya University and earned his master’s degree in the Graduate School of Environmental Science at Hokkaido University, and obtained his doctoral degree in the Department of Geography, the Graduate School of Science at Tokyo Metropolitan University. He has researched vegetation and environments of the Japan Alps and the Daisetsuzan Mountains of Japan; glacial fluctuation and vegetational changes in tropical high mountains (Mount Kenya, Kilimanjaro and Andean Cordilleras); natural environments and human activities in the Namib Desert of Namibia and nature, culture, and society of the Arunachal Pradesh of India.
2. Lobsang Tenpa is the specialist for Tibetan and Himalayan Studies and a Contractual Lecturer/ Ph.D. Candidate at the Institute of South & Central Asian Studies, University of Leipzig, Germany. He had his Bachelor’s degree from Central University of Tibetan Studies, Sarnath and earned his M.A. and Mphil degrees from the University of Delhi and Jawaharlal Nehru University, respectively in New Delhi. He was Tibetan Studies Lecturer at the University of Bonn, Germany (2009-11) and Research Assistant at the University of Vienna, Austria (2011-13).
關鍵詞
Clans of Monpa; Cultural System of Tibet; Fortress at Monpa; History of Tibet; Tibetan Buddhism; Environmental Geography
摘要
This is the first book to systematically describe the formation and historical changes of the Monpa people’s area (Monyul) through its nature, society, culture, religion, agriculture and historically deep ties with Bhutan, Tibet and the Tibetan Buddhist faith. The state of Arunachal Pradesh is located in the northeastern part of India, surrounded by the borders of Assam, Bhutan, and Tibet (China). There has been a long history of conflict over the sovereignty of this area between India and China. Foreigners were prohibited from entering the state until the 1990s and the area has been veiled in secrecy until recently. Thus, there are not many academically researched works on the region. This book serves as an essential guide for anyone who would like to learn about a unique geographical area of Monpa.
目次
1 Nature, Society, and People in Monyul (Monpa Area) 1 1.1 Environment and Distribution of Ethnic Groups in Monyul (Monpa Area) 2 1.2 Types of Monpa People 7 References 11 2. Arrival of a Tibetan Prince in Monyul and Establishment of a Clan 13 2.1 Arrival of a Tibetan Prince and Origin of the Clans 14 2.2 Construction of Dirkhi Dzong Fortress 19 2.3 Move to the New Thembang Dzong Fortress 24 References 30 3. Taxation by the Tibetan Authorities and the Formation of Fortress 31 3.1 Taxation and Construction of Dzong in the Monpa Area 32 3.2 Formation of Taklung Dzong Fortress 35 3.3 Formation of Dirang Dzong Fortress 43 3.4 Formation of Gyangkhar Dzong Fortress 45 3.5 Formation of Senge Dzong Fortress 54 References 55 4. Tibetan Buddhism, Bon, and Animism 57 4.1 Monpa Area and Tibetan Buddhism 58 4.2 Relationships Between Tawang Monastery and Villagers 79 4.3 Life and Education in a Tibetan Monastery 84 4.4 Bon and Animism: Shamanism and Local Societies 94 Column 1 106 Development of Arunachal Pradesh and Effect of the Chinese Military Action in 1962 106 Column 2 108 Land Ownership and Living Expenses 108 References 110 5. Forests in Monyul: Distribution and Management 113 5.1 Distribution of Forests and Their Management 114 5.2 Use of Timber and Forest Changes 122 5.3 Local Forest Conservation 127 References 129 6. Yak Husbandry and Pastoral Communities 131 6.1 Pastoralists and Yak Grazing Land 132 6.2 Nature of Yaks 139 6.3 Use of Yaks and Their Social-Cultural Importance 144 References 146 7. Distribution of Farmland and Agricultural Communities 147 7.1 Three Agricultural Zones in the Dirang Area 148 7.1.1 Agricultural in Yaer Uang 148 7.1.2 Agricultural in Tsanbu Uang 150 7.1.3 Agricultural in Ya Uang 151 7.2 Rice Cultivation 152 7.3 Cash Crops 154 7.4 Agricultural Communities 155 7.5 Dwellings and Lifestyle 164 References 172 Glossary of Monpa Languages 173 Index 189
