Buddhism; Buddhist nationalism; authority; Burma/Myanmar; legitimation
摘要
The Buddhist nationalist movements that emerged during the political and economic liberalization of the second parliamentarian period (2011–2021) in Burma/Myanmar provide unique material for the study of monastic authority. The aim of this article is to examine two overlapping dynamics regarding how monastic authority is established and undermined. As for the first dynamic, the article examines three strategies in Buddhist nationalist sermons aiming to provide legitimacy for the nationalist monks. The second dynamic is a political outgroup criticism that became more common during the period in question. The article makes a distinction between generic monastic authority, which is the fundamental one, and nationalist monastic authority, as they are legitimized and established in different ways. Finally, the article argues that recognition of monastic authority by laypeople is based not merely on trust and respect but tends to be a more complex process.
目次
Abstract 542 1 Monastic Authority: Generic Authority and Nationalist Authority 544 2 Religiopolitical Activism of Monks: Defending Nation and Buddhism 547 3 Appropriate Monastic Politics: Bodhisatta Politics Versus Party Politics 549 4 The First Dynamic of Authority: Legitimation Strategies 553 5 A Buddhist Narrative Framing of Nationalist Sermons: The Buddha’s Birth Stories 554 6 The Bodhisatta Path as a Modern Nationalist Path: The Buddha as a Nationalist 557 7 Justification of the Role of Nationalist Monks: The Buddha as a Nationalist 558 8 Recognition of Generic Monastic Authority and Its Social Foundations 562 9 Social and Karmic Reasons for Not Criticizing Monks 563 10 The Second Dynamic of Authority: Outgroup Criticism and the Politics of Monastic Authority 565 11 Conclusion 568 Acknowledgments 570 References 570
