2. Author Affiliation: Niangwujia, Qinghai Minzu University, China; Hanna Havnevik, University of Oslo, Norway.
關鍵詞
Tibetan mountain deities; festivals; patronage; worship and play in Tibetan mountain cults Rebgong valley; Amdo sacred landscape in Tibet and the Himalayas
摘要
Festivals in honor of mountain deities were revived across the Tibetan plateau in the 1980s, some years after the end of the Cultural Revolution (1966–1976) in the People's Republic of China. This article, primarily analyzes the development of one mountain festival in Amdo, Qinghai, focusing on the decades from its revival until today. During mountain deity festivals, primarily men from multiple villages, a range of religious specialists, and representatives of local authorities gather at a stone cairn on a mountain top, where a variety of rites, ceremonies, and games takes place. In the ‘old society’ the chieftain of a congregation of villages had an important role as patron, mediating between the deity, the deity's medium, religious specialists and villagers, while his function has diminished in the revived festival. Faced with major social-economic-political changes, while retaining and recreating many elements of tradition, striking transformations in the festival's structures of patronage, piety, and play have transformed its human network, its format, and its significance.
目次
Abstract 456 Background 459 The reorganizing of the Taklunglaptsein the 1950s 466 The reconstruction of Taklunglaptsein 1985 468 Annual celebration at Mount Amnye Taklung in 2000s 469 Interreligious cooperation 472 The mountain deities and religious texts 472 Buddhification of the cult to Amnye Taklung 474 Socio-political and economic changes 478 The participation of communist cadres 479 State heritagization of mountain deity cults 480 Conclusion 481 Acknowledgements 484 Disclosure Statement 483 Notes on Contributors 483 References 483
