Enni 圓爾 (1202–1280); Chikotsu Daie 癡兀大慧 (1229–1312); Zen; esoteric/tantric Buddhism; hosshin seppō 法身説法; embryology; kōan 公案 interpretation
摘要
This paper addresses the relationship between Zen and tantric or esoteric Buddhism in premodern Japan from the point of view of the Buddhas and Buddha bodies considered to be preaching these two traditions. After surveying theories on the dharmakāya teaching already present in Chinese Buddhism, it considers the development of this doctrinal notion in the Japanese tantric traditions. The paper demonstrates that this tantric discourse on the Buddha as preacher provided thinkers such as Enni 圓爾 (1202–1280) and Chikotsu Daie 癡兀大慧 (1229–1312) with a framework to integrate Zen into a tantric world. Eventually, and under the influence of embryological motifs circulating widely in medieval Buddhism, Zen practitioners came to establish their own theories on the human as Buddha body. The paper concludes that medieval Zen and medieval tantric Buddhism should be considered sister movements.
目次
Abstract 68 1. Introduction 69 2. Teaching Non-Teachings: The Dharmakāya Preaching 73 3. The Zen of Mahāvairocana: Zen and Tantra in the Early Shōichi Lineage 79 3.1 Mind Over Maṇḍala: Enni’s Zen as the Mind of Mahāvairocana 81 3.2 Flesh Over Mind: Chikotsu’s Zen Non-Physiology 86 3.3 Continuing the Debate: Gōhō on Tantra and Zen 92 4. The Ontogenesis of Awakening: The Breath, the Womb, and Bodhidharma's Nose 96 5. Conclusions 101 Abbreviations 102 Primary Sources 102 Secondary Sources 104
