Preamble 103 Introduction 104 The manuscript collections at Namgyal Monastery 105 Methodological considerations 107 A sliding scale of human-manuscript relations 109 Creating, refining, and maintaining manuscripts 110 Practises of using manuscripts: teaching, study, and recitation 116 The use of manuscript margins as writing material 120 Misuse, neglect, and abandonment of manuscripts 129 Concluding suggestions: Buddhist canonical manuscripts as communal objects 131 Acknowledgements 134 Tibetan primary sources 134 Secondary literature 135