Dunhuang; Old Tibetan; Prajñāpāramitāhṛdaya; Heart Sūtra; Heart of Wisdom; Kamalaśīla; Vimalamitra; De ga g.yu tshal; bka’ ’gyur
摘要
This paper documents a late Old Tibetan version of the Prajñāpāramitāhṛdaya preserved in the latter part of the ninth century “Prayers of De ga g.yu tshal Monastery” manuscript as compared against a well-known Tibetan canonical Vulgate Kangyur (bka’ ’gyur) version. The paper initially presents a brief synopsis of the known reception history in Tibet of the “Heart Sūtra,” commonly called the “Heart of Wisdom” (prajñāhṛdaya ≈ shes rab snying po) in Indian and Tibetan culture. The paper describes, based on recently documented evidence, a Short version of the “Heart Sūtra” that initially circulated in Tibet in the form of a dhāraṇī brought by Kamalaśīla. This version was later superceded by a Long version of the Heart Sūtra that was translated into Tibetan by Vimalamitra and the Tibetan Lotsāwa Dge slong Rin chen sde. Vimalamitra is thought to have arrived in Tibet around 797 CE. According to current historical and manuscript records, Vimalamitra’s translation of the Long version of the Heart Sūtra became the canonical version that is preserved in Tibetan Kangyurs. However, the following comparative collation of the Heart Sūtra / Heart of Wisdom demonstrates that the version found in the De ga g.yu tshal prayers manual, dating to approximately 823 CE slightly differs from all known versions found among Tibetan Kangyurs as well as all versions preserved in Sanskrit and Chinese. The paper concludes that the Dunhuang Tibetan version of the Heart of Wisdom preserved in IOL Tib J 751, despite representing an official ceremonial ninth century version of the sūtra, disappeared from Tibetan Buddhist traditions due to historical circumstances.
目次
Introduction 117 Comparative Collation of Tibetan Versions of the Prajñāpāramitāhṛdaya 123 Commentary 126 Symbols used in the Transliteration 129 Abbreviations and Bibliography 129 Tibetan Dunhuang Manuscripts 130 Indian Sources 130 Secondary Sources 130
