modern Chinese Buddhism; Sangha Education; Buddhist Academies; Buddhist institutes; Buddhist monastic space
摘要
Drawing on Foucault’s theoretical framework of “space and power”, this paper examines the discursive construction of “knowledge” in the context of Chinese Buddhist education. It traces the historical transformation of Chinese Buddhist education from the traditional “Sangha Forest”(the monastic community; 叢林 Conglin) style education to the Buddhist Academy, and analyzes how modern Buddhism reshaped its social image and function from a faith-based to a knowledge-based culture. Furthermore, this paper explores the reasons why modern Buddhism requires “knowledge” as a bridge between its worldly and transcendental dimensions, and the roles of elite laymen and monasteries as “Buddhist Institutes” in the new discursive practice.
目次
Abstract 1 Keywords 1 1. The Internal and External Constraints Imposed by the Discursive Power of “Knowledge” on Chinese Buddhist Education 1 1.1. External Constraints: Traditional Chinese Epistemology Reshaped by the Modern Western Education System 1 1.2. Internal Constraints: The Decline of Anti‑Intellectual Monastic Education in Traditional “Sangha Forest” (叢林 Conglin) in Modern China 3 2. The Rise of Knowledgeable Laymen 4 2.1. Elite Laymen and Their Initiative in Buddhist Studies 4 2.2. Laymen’s Efforts to Preserve the Space of Chinese Buddhist Education 6 2.3. The Improved Social Status of Laymen and the Changing Power Relations between Monastics and Householder Practitioners 7 3. The Establishment of “Intellectualized” Buddhist Institutes via the Collaboration of the Monastic and Lay Communities 8 3.1. The Traditional Conglin System and Its Hindrance to Establishing a Modern Buddhist Epistemology 8 3.2. The Integration of New Buddhist Institutes into Modern Education 10 3.3. The Learned “Student‑Monks (学僧 Xueseng)” and the New Dharma Lineages 14 4. Conclusions 15 Funding 16 Institutional Review Board Statement 16 Informed Consent Statement 16 Data Availability Statement 16 Conflicts of Interest 16 References 16
