In history, Indian Buddhism was annihilated by Muslims in the 13th century AD. Many historians have commented that the Indian society influenced by Buddhism was excessively passive and non-resistant, leading to its downfall. The doctrine of Hinduism, which was able to resist Muslim attacks, along with the revival of heroic myths, fueled the spirit of resistance in India at that time. From the early battles and cruelty of Emperor Ashoka to his conversion to Buddhism, advocating peace and non-violence, he aimed to create a prosperous and peaceful peacock civilization. However, in his later years, Ashoka was overthrown and deposed by his ministers and grandsons. Nevertheless, Ashoka remained steadfast in his commitment to compassion and peace. Is there a certain degree of connection between Ashoka’s fate in his later years and the fate of India in the 13th century, implying that the weakness of Buddhism ultimately led to the downfall of the nation or monarchy? Just like the ancient kingdom of Kapilavastu, the birthplace of Buddha, was annihilated by King Virudhaka, Buddhism’s silence and non resistance to violence raise questions about whether it is good or evil. How can humanity eliminate violence? How can evil be eradicated? Is it through using violence to suppress violence or by expanding goodness and love? In answering these questions, we are inevitably led to reflect on whether violence can truly be ended by countering it with violence. The non-resistance of Buddha stemmed from his opposition to all forms of violence, making him unable to be a part of it. The same can be said for Emperor Ashoka. In the ongoing evolution of human civilization, contemplating how to eliminate violence and evil, perhaps pondering on how to expand goodness and love, is the fundamental path and the goal that humanity should reflect on and strive for.
