1. The Subtitle of the Journal: Sulh-i Kull as an Oath of Peace: Mughal Political Theology in History, Theory, and Comparison.
2. Author Affiliation: University of Pennsylvania, USA.
關鍵詞
Mongol empire; secularism; clergy; nom; ritual; ethics
摘要
Recent work in religious studies has emphasized how European colonial empires used the defining and constructing of religions and secularism as tools of rule. This article explores parallel processes in the Mongol empire (1206–1368) where ‘religion-making’ occurred in three areas: 1) a precise and legal definition of professional service estates among the conquered peoples that included the clergies of designated religions; 2) a broad and imprecise classification of nom or ‘way of life’ that partially overlapped with the clergies defined in the first category; and 3) a realm above all such sectarian distinctions destined for the Mongol ruling elite who alone were capable of living in free obedience to Heaven. The parallels and differences with classifications of the religious and the secular in European colonial empires shed light on how power interacts with cultural classification and practices.
目次
Abstract 796 Keywords 796 Introduction 796 The clerical service estates 798 Nom: Customs of communities 802 Ritual activity versus moral behaviour 805 Conclusion 809 Acknowledgements 812 Competing interests 812 References 812
