Preface 7 INTRODUCTION 13 1. The General Aim of the Work 13 2. Need for the Development of Pure Metaphysics in India 14 3. Is there no Idealism in India? 15 4. The Aim of the Conclusion 16 5. Inclusion of Contemporary Thinker 17 6. Use of Philosophical Critism 18 7. Treatment of the Amount Systems 19 8. Value of Philosophy as a Cultural Achievement 21 9. Criticism as the Path of Philosophical Progress 25 10. Tradition and Philosophical Development 25 11. Nature of Philosophical Development 26 12. A Feature of Indian Thought 27 13. Logic and Metaphysics Need for Hard Fact 28 14. Final Result of Indian Idealistic Thought 29
I. IDEALISM AS A THEORY OF REALITY 31 1. Difficulty about the Meaning of the Word Idealism 31 2. Definitions of Idealism 32 3. Idealism and Realism 38 4. Idealism to be Studied in its Growth 40 5. Etymological Meaning of Idealism 41 6. Forms of Idealism in the History of European Thought 44 7. General Direction of all Idealism 60 8. Terminus a quo and terminus ad quem of all Philosophy 68 9. Definition and Nature of Idealism 69
II. IDEALISM AS A THEORY OF VALUE 1. Existence and Value 71 2. Existence and Subsistence 73 3. Existence and Reality 76 4. True Existence as a Norm 78 5. Identity of Existence, Reality and Value: Rickert, Lossky and Urban 80 6. Schiller and Croce. Human Value not Identical with Existence and Reality 81 7. Explanation, Law, Reality and Value 83 8. Law and the Thing 87 9. Idealism as a Theory of Reality and Value 89
III. VEDĀNTIC IDEALISM 91 1. General Nature 91 2. Idealistic Notions of the Upaniṣads 93 3. Role of the Śruti 97 4. ŚaṄkara's Advaita the Result of Normative Considerations 97 5. An Advaita Sub-school: Creation and Perception 103 6. Definition of the Brahman 105 7. Māyā 108 8. Cause of the World 111 9. Ad Hoc Distinctions: Māyā and Avidyā, IŚvara, Sākṣi, Jīva and the Brahman; One-ness and Plurality of the Jīvas 114 10. Locus of Māyā 120 11. Identity between the Brahman and the Jīva 121 12. Śaṅkara and Logic: Final Form of the Advaita as Reconstructed 123
IV. VEDĀNTIC IDEALISM-Continued 128 1. Introduction to Other Vedāntic Idealisms. Their Theories of Illusion 128 2. The Advaita of Śaivism. Śākta Idealism 135 3. Pāṅcarātra 145 4. Introduction to bhedābheda or identity-difference Systems 147 5. Bhāskara 150 6. Rāmānuja 154 7. Nimbārka 158 8. Śrīkaṇṭha 160 9. Śrīpati 163 10. Vallabha 166 11. Śuka and his Theory that the Jīva is One 169 12. School of Caitanya 170 13. Vijñānabhikṣu 173 14. Monotheism of Madhva 176
APPENDIX 178 Ideas of the Bhagavadgītā 178
V. BUDDHISTIC IDEALISM 1. General Nature 184 2. Buddha's Original Teaching 189 3. Introduction to the Hīnayāna Schools 193 4. Theravādins 195 5. Vātsīputrīyas 208 6. Sarvāstivādins 208 7. Mahāsaṅghikas 218 8. Andhakas 218 9. Vetulyakas 221 10. Uttarāpathakas 222 11. Sautrāntikas 222 12. The Satyasiddhi School 225 13. Transition to the Mahāyāna 226
VI. BUDDHISTIC IDEALISM-Continued 227 1. Introduction 227 2. Prajñāpāramitās 228 3. General Nature of the Mahāyāna Schools 232 4. Bhūtatathatā School of Aśvaghoṣa 235 5. Madhyamika School of Nāgārjuna 242 6. Significance of the Śūnya 251 7. Introduction to the Vijñānavādins 256 8. Ideas of the Laǹkāvatāra 259 9. Asaǹga 166 10. Vasubandhu 269 11. Śāntarakṣita and Kamalaśīla 272 12. General Estimate of the Vijñānavāda 273 13. Theory of Perception of the Vijñānavādins 277 14. Identity of the Ideal and the Real in Buddhism 278 15. Nirvāṇa as the Dharmakāya of the Buddha 279 16. Different Interpretations of Nirvāṇa 280 17. Metaphysical Significance of Dharma or Law in Buddhism 281
