2. Author Affiliation: The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
關鍵詞
Buddhist narratives; Therī Paṭācārā; Sinicisation; putta-khādini
摘要
In Pāli commentaries, there is a famous story about Therī Paṭācārā, who was plagued by a chain of catastrophes and was finally left bereft of all her kin. Similar stories appear in Chinese and Tibetan Buddhist literature but with apparent variations. This is a salient case of the appropriation and assimilation of Indian Buddhist literature by Chinese and Tibetan Buddhists. This paper focuses on variations in these narratives of ‘The Paṭācārā Story’ in Buddhist literature. It explains how these variations came into being by comparing different texts and studying their contexts. First, this paper presents why these stories that share a main theme have different protagonists. Second, it suggests that during the transmission and development of Buddhism, some ‘prototype’ stories were combined and revised by subsequent generations, perhaps for moral education purposes. Finally, this paper identifies some elements as later additions, such as those regarding burial customs, and identifies the element of a mother being forced to eat her son as a possible misinterpretation during the transmission of the Buddhist texts.
目次
Abstract 277 Keywords 277 1. Introduction and Literature Review 278 2. Different Narratives of the story of Therī Paṭācārā 281 2.1. Therī Paṭācārā’s story in Pāli 281 2.1.1. The Therīgāthā (fifth–third c. BCE) 281 2.1.2. Therī Apadāna (second–first c. BCE) 282 2.1.3. Thīg-a (sixth c.), AN-a (fifth c.), and Dhp-a (fifth c.) 283 2.1.4. The Overlap between the Stories of Therī Paṭācārā and Therī Kisāgotamī in Pāli 284 2.2. Therī Paṭācārā’s Story in Buddhist Chinese Scripture 287 2.3. The Story of Therī Kisāgotamī in Chinese and Tibetan Buddhism 290 2.3.1. The Saṁyuttāgama 雜阿含經 290 2.3.2. Da bo niepan jing 大般涅槃經 290 2.3.3. Da zhidu lun 大智度論 290 2.3.4. Genben shuo yiqie youbu pi’naiye zashi 根本說一切有部毘奈耶雜事 and its Tibetan counterpart 291 2.4 Other Relevant Records in Chinese and Tibetan Buddhist Literature 292 2.4.1. Utpalavarṇā in the Chinese Records 292 2.4.2. Utpala in Tibetan Dsanglun 294 2.4.3. An Unknown Woman in Another Two Chinese Sūtras 294 3. Discussion 295 3.1. The Protagonist 297 3.1.1. Paṭācārā 298 3.1.2. Kriśa Gautamī 300 3.1.3. Utpalavarṇā 300 3.2. Added Elements in the Mahāyāna Sūtras 305 3.3. Later influence 310 3.3.1. Funeral Rites 310 3.3.2. Human Sacrifice 314 3.3.3. Lavish Burials and Grave Robbers 315 3.3.4. The Element of a Mother Eating Her Son 317 4. Conclusion 326 Bibliography 327 Abbreviations 327 Primary Sources 328 Secondary Sources 331
