非鬼．眾神．終審—— 臺南市南區省躬社聖化堂藏「法會圖軸」調查研究=The Judgment of the Gods at Life's End: A Research Investigation into the Ritual Paintings of Shenggongshe Shenghuatang in Tainan City's Southern District
目前臺南市南區缺乏文物普查建檔與調查研究計畫，故筆者以臺南市南區灣裡聚落的「省躬社聖化堂」作為文物普查的對象。首先，筆者藉由梳理灣裡聚落及聚落內廟宇的歷史，確立灣裡聚落在臺南地方發展史中的地位，以及省躬社聖化堂在灣裡寺廟中的獨特性。 其次，透過省躬社聖化堂的文物的普查建檔，不僅建立堂中文物的基本資料，且經由個別的主題式研究，映證省躬社聖化堂的堂史與交陪關係，呈現出省躬社聖化堂在臺南鸞堂中的代表性。 另外，在省躬社聖化堂的文物之中，筆者挑選1案41件的法會圖軸進行第二階段的調查研究，而經由研究可知，該批圖軸屬「釋教法會圖軸」，使用於喪禮中的「做功德法會」，使用者為具有「香花僧」脈絡的住持，圖軸種類則有「三寶佛圖軸」、「文殊、普賢菩薩圖軸」、「法船圖軸」、「羅漢圖軸」、「四府圖軸」、「十殿閻王圖軸」、「韋馱、伽藍圖軸」。 而本文不同於以往的研究多將此類圖軸定名為有儀式指涉性的「水陸法會圖」、「黃籙畫」，或僅研究其中的單一圖軸，本研究希冀透過省躬社聖化堂藏1案41件法會圖軸的整體性研究，打破此類研究的窠臼，並建立各類圖軸的圖像發展脈絡，以確立地區圖樣與年代判定等問題，最終顯現出該批圖軸的文化資產價值。 Currently, South District in Tainan lacks a comprehensive survey and research plan for its cultural heritage. This study addresses this gap by focusing on Shenghua Temple in Wanli Village, South District. Initially, this study will investigate the history of the Wanli settlement and its associated temples to establish the settlement's significance in the historical development of Tainan. Furthermore, it will determine the unique position of Shenghua Temple within the context of the temples in Wanli. Secondly, this study will document the cultural relics at Shenghua Temple to establish essential information about these artifacts. Additionally, thematic research will be employed to verify the historical context and social interactions associated with Shenghua Temple, thereby highlighting its iconic status in comparison to other notable Phoenix Halls in Tainan. Among the cultural relics of Shenghua Temple, one case consisting of 41 ritual scrolls has been selected for investigation and research in the second phase of the study. The research indicates that these scrolls are "Buddhism Dharma Services scroll" used in the "the rites of dedicating merits" during funerals. The users are abbots with the lineage of "Xianghua monk" and the types of scroll include "Three Buddhas scroll," "Manjushri and Sangharama scroll," "Boat of Wisdom scroll," "Arhat scroll," "Si Fu scroll," and "Ten Kings of Hell scroll," "Skanda and Qielan scroll." This study differs from previous research, which typically categorizes such scrolls with ritual references as "Water and Land Ritual Paintings" or "Huanglu Zhai Paintings," or focuses solely on individual scrolls. By conducting a comprehensive study of the 41 ceremonial scrolls from Shenghua Temple, this research aims to break away from conventional approaches and establish the context of various scroll images to identify their chronological placement, and develop a regional iconography, ultimately highlighting the cultural value of these scrolls.
