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宗曉《法華經顯應錄》 之比丘尼敘事與修行感應=The Narrative and Cultivation Induction of Buddhist Nuns in Zong Xiao’s Fahua Jing Xianying Lu |
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| 作者 |
張晏菁
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| 出處題名 |
圓光佛學學報=Yuan Kuang Journal of Buddhist Studies
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| 卷期 | n.44 |
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| 出版日期 | 2024.12 |
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| 頁次 | 65 - 100 |
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| 出版者 | 圓光佛學研究所=Yuan Kuang Buddhist College |
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| 出版者網址 |
http://www.ykbi.edu.tw/
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| 出版地 | 桃園縣, 臺灣 [Taoyuean hsien, Taiwan] |
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| 資料類型 | 期刊論文=Journal Article |
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| 使用語言 | 中文=Chinese |
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| 關鍵詞 | 宗曉=Zong Xiao; 法華經=Fahua Jing; 感應=response to appeal; 佛教女性=Buddhist female |
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| 摘要 | 宗曉（A.D. 1151-1214）生於南宋，輯《法華經顯應錄》二卷，以高僧、高尼、信男、信女等四眾分類，凡239人。宗曉編纂《法華經顯應錄》的終極目標為弘揚法華信仰，以「靈驗」作為取信依據，形式前承傳記體裁，目的為達「勸信」。 本文以佛教文學視角，聚焦在比丘尼敘事，探析作為閱讀者也是編輯者的宗曉，如何以感應的主題、傳記的文學形式編排篇章結構、建構敘事模式及特色，記錄佛教女性在法華修行的傳播與影響。 為呈現《法華經顯應錄》的敘事模式，筆者將13位比丘尼傳記，依時代先後排序列表，將敘事結構分類為：朝代、傳主、性格特質、修證求道、感應事蹟、影響、出處、傳抄。其次，由「篇章結構佈局」分析宗曉的慣用書寫方式，可以見到從人物、法華信仰、時空轉換、感應及影響的脈絡，刪去多餘枝節，留下精華敘事特色。另一特色在於比丘尼敘事多數並非以災難為重要情節的轉折，而是考驗，且能以堅定、精進的修行通過考驗；對於無描述考驗的傳主，則是強調其勤苦受持讀誦法華的修證歷程，終能獲得感應。 宗曉作為閱編者，及同是出家行者的多重身分，在比丘尼敘事將感應、見證、紀錄和宣揚形成循環往復的歷程，成為記錄佛教女性修行者的吉光片羽，延續唐代以來普賢菩薩以女身示現的感應敘事，而且《法華經顯應錄》在南宋之後已經流傳到日本、高麗，影響到海外，可推知由宋至清，其書傳播流通廣泛，達到記錄有功，承先啟後的利益。
Abstract
Zong Xiao (A.D. 1151-1214) was born in the Southern Song Dynasty. He compiled two volumes of Fahua Jing Xianying Lu, which was divided into four categories: eminent monks, nuns, devout men and women who devotees to Buddha, with a total of 239 people. The ultimate goal of Zong Xiao in compiling Fahua Jing Xianying Lu was to promote the faith of the Lotus (Fahua), therefore he used the ―efficacy‖ as the basis for trust, and the form inherited the biography genre, with the purpose of ―persuading Buddhist faith‖. This article was from the perspective of Buddhist literature, focusing on the narrated of bhikṣuṇī, and explored the way of Zong Xiao, who was a reader and an editor, how did he use the theme of induction and the literary form of biography to organize the structure of chapters, and constructed the narrative patterns and the characteristics, to record the spread and the influence of Buddhist women’s practice in the Lotus (Fahua). In order to present the narrative model of Fahua Jing Xianying Lu, the author listed the biographies of 13 bhikkhunis in chronological order, and he classified the narrative structure into: The dynasty, the characters of biography, the personality traits, the practiced and pursued the personal realization, the inductive deeds, the influence, the source, and the re-copy. Secondly, by analyzing Zong Xiao’s usual writing style through ―the Chapter, the Structure and the Layout‖, we can see the context of the characters, the Lotus beliefs, the transformation of time and space, the induction and influence, and the narrative features of deleting redundant details and retain the essence. The other feature is that most of the bhikṣuṇī narratives instead of using the disaster as an important turning point in the plot, but as a test, which they could pass the test with firm and diligent practice. As for those who did not describe the test, they emphasized on the process of their diligence, upholding, reading and reciting the Lotus (Fahua) which eventually led them to get their personal realization. Zong Xiao had multiple identities as a reader and an editor, as well as a monk. The cyclical process of induction, witness, recording and publicity in Bhikṣuṇī Narrative, which had become a treasure of recording the female Buddhist practitioners. He continued the induction narrative of Samanta Bhadra bodhisattva appearing in female form since the Tang Dynasty. Moreover, the appearance record of the Fahua Jing Xianying Lu had spread to Japan and Korea after the Southern Song Dynasty, and had influenced overseas. It could be inferred that the book circulates widely from the Song Dynasty to the Qing Dynasty, achieving the benefits of recording meritorious service and inheriting the past and as the usher in the future serve as a link between past and future.
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| 目次 | 一、前言
二、《法華經顯應錄》之編纂歷程
(一)《顯應錄》編纂動機與目的
(二)《顯應錄》成書考據與體例
(三)《顯應錄》傳主取材標準
三、《法華經顯應錄》比丘尼傳記敘事模式
(一) 敘事結構：高尼凡十三人
(二) 敘事手法：簡筆凝練
(三) 敘事思維：反例隱喻修行觀點
四、《法華經顯應錄》之比丘尼修行感應
(一) 高尼的法華修行
(二) 高尼的感應類型
五、結語 |
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| ISSN | 16086848 (P) |
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| 點閱次數 | 39 |
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| 建檔日期 | 2025.02.21 |
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| 更新日期 | 2025.02.21 |
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