FOREWORD by R. David Arkush ACKNOWLEDGMENTS INTRODUCTION Religion and Violence Buddhism and Violence Terms Explained The Structure of Book CHAPTER I. CHANGING BUDDHISM IN MODERN CHINA Buddhist Awakening Modern Lay Buddhist Movement Criticism and Expropriation Revolutionary Monks Institutional Buddhism and the Republican State Taixu and Buddhist Reform Conclusion CHAPTER II. BUDDHISM AND NATIONAL DEFENDING Constitutional Duty and Buddhist Obligation Buddhist Nationalism How Should Clergy Serve the Nation? Conclusion CHAPTER III. PROPAGANDA AGAINST JAPANESE AGGREESION Taixu Loses Hope in Japanese Buddhists against Japanese Aggression Call for Resisting the Invasion and Defending the Nation Missions to Burma and other Buddhist Regions Roaring Like a Lion-Shi zi hao Conclusion CHAPTER IV. BUDDHIST PARTICIPATION IN THE WAR Military Training of the Clergy Rituals for the Nation and Donations to the Military Buddhist Rescue Work and First Aid Shanghai and Ciyun Si Sangha Rescue Teams Military Service and Guerrilla War The Activities of Monks in Hunan Conclusion CHAPTER V. BUDDHISM IN THE JAPANESE OCCUPIED AREAS Wartime Destruction to Clergy and Temple Increased Attention to Charitable Activities Varieties of Cooperation with Japanese Power Conclusion CHAPTER VI. TAIXU AND BUDDHISM AFTER THE WAR Taixu on War and Nationalism Taixu on Peace and Internationalism Buddhist Reform after the War Buddhism during the Civil War Conclusion CONCLUSION The War's Impact on Buddhism Compassionate Killing Revisited Buddhism and Nationalism NOTES BIBLIOGRAPHY INDEX
