Gaynor Sekimori is an Associate Professor in the Institute of Oriental Culture at The University of Tokyo.
關鍵詞
Shugendō; shinbutsu shūgō; shinbutsu bunri; Hagurosan; English Reformation; Nishikawa Sugao
摘要
In 1868 the Meiji government enacted a series of laws, often called the “Separation Orders,” which was to raise “Shinto” to the status of a state cult to embody the ideals of the new order. This Shinto did not reflect even the practices of local communities, let alone the contemporary religious matrix of kami-buddha combination. Thus it was necessary to “clarify” what was and was not Shinto. Shugendō shrine-temple complexes in particular were targeted for reform, since Shugendō was predicated on kami-buddha combination. This paper looks at how the “Separation Orders” affected the Shugendō of Hagurosan institutionally, ritually, ideologically, and socially. Using insights gained from recent “revisionist” scholarship concerning the English Reformation(s), it examines how change that was not demanded or welcomed locally was able to occur. An important source for evidence is the unpublished Diary of the first head of the reconstructed shrine, Nishikawa Sugao.
