Introduction 1 (20) 1. Monks and Memory: The Oral World 21 (21) 2. Early Thai Encounters with Orality and Literacy 42 (21) 3. Golden Age, Golden Images, and Golden Leaves 63 (40) 4. The Text in the World: Scribes, Sponsors, and Manuscript Culture 103 (30) 5. Turning Over a New Leaf: The Advance of Writing 133 (31) 6. Overlooked or Looked Over? The Meaning and Uses of Written Pali Texts 164 (40) Conclusion 204 (9) Notes 213 (20) Bibliography 233 (16) Index 249