This paper points out that there are two ethical views in terms of the Caste System in India, one is the view of the discrimination, and the other one is the view of the equanimity. Here, the method of historical analysis is applied here. First, the Manu SaMhitA is chosen as the representation for the traditional Indian view of the discrimination. Whereas the Buddhist texts, which three periods are divided, including the Agamas, the Mahayana scriptures, as well as the tantra treatises, signified the view of equanimity. A deeper investigation of the discrimination viewpoint in terms of its origination and the defending against the criticism from the Buddhism has been made. Although the discriminative Caste System has been survived more than three thousand years in India, one should be aware that there indeed is another confronting voice, stood for sixteen hundred years, which echoed ‘man is born to be equal’. As we know, there are many researches on the issue of the Indian Caste System have been published in the last few decades. However, the comparison between the Manu SaMhitA and the Buddhist texts, such as the explanations from the Agamas, the Mahayana and tantra scriptures, has not yet been scrutinized. This is therefore the purport of the present work.
