Shan-tao (613~681),the patriarch of Pure Land Buddhism in China in Tang Dynasty,who had mentioned "threefold mind "in the works of (Pan-chou san-mei tsan ),(Wang-sheng li-tsan) and (Kuan-ching shu). " Threefold mind" : (i) " A most sincere mind" ,(ii)" A deep mind" and (iii) "The vow for rebirth" is the most creative theory in these works , it is also the center of his doctrine. Shan-tao''s "The exegesis of Threefold mind" originates from contents of (Amitayur-dhyana-sutra) i.e. (Kuan wu-liang-shou-Fo ching). As regard to Threefold mind, Shan-tao has added his own explanation to it greatly. "The exegesis of Threefold mind" of Shan-tao cames from Pure Land-sutra and from Pure Land doctrines of T''ang-luan and Tao-ch''o. Furthermore it probably had impacted by other schools. In the meaning of threefold mind, one mind is able to comprise other two which meaning had hidden in Shan-tao''s "The exegesis of Threefold mind". If the topic that any one mind comprises other two is established, then three mind will become one substance (Ti) . That also stated in Pure Land School in China and Jodo Shinshu in Japan, because of Honen and Shinran had influenced from Shan-tao. The ideals of "one mind comprise other two"and "three minds have one subtance" had been existed in the thought of Honen, Shinran, Shoku, Ryochu, etc. When the theory of the one substance appears in their thought, they emphasize this Theory existed already in the Shan-tao''s explanation about The Vows of Buddeha Amita and Utterance of Amita''s Name by Shan-tao.It also offer the exeplanation for " Itsu-kou-sen-nen " and " Aku-nin-sei-ki " emphasized by Honen and Shinran. This subdtance is (Suchness of Buddha nature). The Theory of one substance of Threefold mind of Suchness of Buddha nature in Japanese contains (i) Faith,(ii) Practice, and (iii) Conception of Rebirth to Pure Land of Shan-Tao. The "Faith" is doubtless for the vows of Buddha Amita. The "Practice" is Uttering Amita''s Name Continuously. The "Rebirth" to Pure Land is entering into the realm of nirvana i.e.uncompounded (asamskrta) .These three are the content of friution of perfect Buddha nature. "The exegesis of Threefold mind" of Shan-tao could also has a comparision with "The three meanings of Faith" and "The three conditions of Buddha nature" in schools of Vijbaptimatra and Tathagata-garbha. They have identical structure. This means there is a close relation between Tathagata-garbha theory and Pure Land School on this topic. Furthermore, The Pure Land doctrines of Shan-tao had influenced on Yuan-chao in Song Dynasty, I tackle this topic also .
