尸羅=戒=command=Precept=sila=morality=rule=discipline=prohibition; 印度佛教=Indian Buddhism; 西藏佛教=藏傳佛教=Tibetan Buddhism; 佛教人物=Buddhist; 修行方法=修行法門=Practice; 印度佛教史=Indian Buddhist History
摘要
This volume provides a comprehensive survey of Indian Buddhism and its subsequent establishment in Tibet. It concentrates on the tantric period of Buddhist theory and practice, from the eighth to the thirteenth centuries, when the Tibetans were actively engaged in absorbing all they could find of Buddhist culture and religion into their own country. Snellgrove emphasizes the significant role played by the Central Asian kingdoms along the ancient Silk Route in the gradual process of Tibetan conversion. He draws convincingly upon documents of the time to illustrate the cultural changes that swept Tibet as a result of its rule over an extensive empire from the seventh to the ninth centuries—a period of history largely forgotten by the Tibetans themselves when they later embarked upon the wholesale importation of Buddhism directly from Northern India.
目次
Abbreviations List of Plates Maps Preface Notes on Transcription I. Origins in India 1.The Rediscovery of India Buddhism 2.Sakyamuni：Buddha of The Present World-Age 3.The Concepts of Samsara and Nirvana a.The Nature of Sakyamuni's Enlightenment b.The Doctrine of NonSelf and The Dharma Theory c.The Relativity of Philosophical Explanations 4.The Preemience of Buddhahood a.Sakyamuni as Buddha and Man b.The Cult of Relics 5.The Buddhist Community II. Later Development In India 1.Buddhism Becomes A Pan-Asian Religion 2.The Buddha Image a.The Earliest Representations in Human Form b.Can There Be More Than One Buddha At The Same Time? 3.Boddhisattvas a.Their Function as Quasi-Celestial Beneficent Beings b.The Career of a Boddhisattva as a Human Aspiration c.An Evaluation of a Boddhisattva' Skill in Means (upayakausalya) d.Boddhisattva in Paradise e.All Buddhas and Boddhisattvas essentially one and the same 4.The Three Turnings of the Wheel of the Doctrine a.The First Turning b.The Second Turning c.The Third Turning d.The Theory of Buddha-folds e.The Theory of Buddha-embryo f.The Theory of Buddha-bodies III. Tantric Buddhism 1.Connections With The More Conventional Mahayana 2.The Vajrayana as a New and Distinct "Way" 3.Vajrayana (alias Vajradhara) becomes preeminent 4.Magical Formulas 5.The Votaries of Tantras 6.Various Kinds of Tantras a.Tantras Relatable to Mahayana Sutras b.Tantras With Non-Buddhist Associations 7.Tantric Feasts 8.The Argument for Implicit Interpretations 9.The Importance of One's Chosen Teacher 10.The later Amalgamation and Promulgation of Tantric Teachings 11.Buddha-Families 12.The Mandala 13.Initiations and Consecrations a.Initiation As Dictinct From "Orientaion" b.The "Descent" of Absolute Wisdom c.The Use of Jars In Consecration Ceremonies d.The Order of Consecrations in Various Classes of Tantras e.The Power of Coercion f.The Process of Self-Consecration 14.Further Consecrations a.Interpretations of The Higher Consecrations, Scholastic，Lyrical and Ritual b.Scholastic Equations in Sets of Four c.The Higher Consecrations according to the Tradition of Hevajra d.Consecration as a Psychological Process e.References to Higher Consecrations in Yoga Tantras f.The Problem of Textual Obscurity 15.Special Concepts of Tantric Yogins a.Buddhahood as Twofold rather Than Fivefold b.Wisdom and Means c.The Cult of Human Body d.The Coalescence of all concepts through the practice of Tantric Yoga IV.Buddhist Communities In India And Beyond 1.Traces of Buddhism In India a.Continuity in Buddhist Monastic Life b.The Apparent Lateness of Iconographic of Representation in Relationship With The Relevant texts 2.Traces of Buddhism In Central Asia a.The Historical Background b.Khotan c.Other Important Sites d.The Tibetan Occupation 3.Buddhism in Nepal a.The Early Period b.The Later Period V.The Conversion of Tibet 1.Political and Social Factors a.The Ruler of Tibet b.The Cultural Effects of Territorial Expansion c.Early Situations Leading to The Later Emergence of rNying-ma-pas and Bonpos d.Royal Inscriptions and Edicts 2. Religious Factors a.Factions and Disputes b.Varieties of Teaching c.Early Tibetan Tantras d.Freedom from Restraint 3.The Combination of Politics and Religion a.The Rulers of Western Tibet b.The Founding of Religious Order c.Final Reflections
