大乘空宗=Madhyamaka; 百論=Satasastra's; 一異=identity and idfference; 法執=Being of Dharma; 存有=Being
摘要
本論文主要秉持形上學存有論討論萬物存有的問題意識，探討提婆在《百論》的〈破一品〉中如何以「有、一、瓶」為例，而與外道論辯並破斥其有關「大有與萬像」同一、相異、有無、全分等種學說的八當，以彰顯大乘空宗從緣起性空、「不一不異」的中觀立場。全文共分為三部分:壹、前言:空宗三論與形上學問題；扼要說明《十二門論》《中論》《百論》中與形上學基本問題的相關性。貳、《百論》〈破一品〉〈破異品〉對一異問題的破申，下分三段:一、敘述有關漢譯本《本論》的本文問題，並說明有關「一異」問題的形上學意涵；二、〈破一品〉對大有與萬像問題的破申:先交代外道與提婆論辯的思想立場，在闡述〈破一品〉中提婆破斥外道從萬法存有、個物存在、因果認知等角度論述存有與萬物同一的主要內容；三、〈破異品〉對「有一瓶」相異問題的破申:闡述提婆在〈破異品〉中如何從合異、一多、生因了因、有分諸分等角度破斥外道與物異的重要觀點。參、結論，反省前文的討問，並扼要的加以檢討。 This article, mainly based upon the major theme of universal existence of metaphysics, studies how Aryadeva, in Confront Identity (破一品) and Confront Difference (破異品) of satasastra, use the example of “being, Unity, Bottle” to rebut the various misunderstandings of the unorthodox views about “identity and difference, being and non-being, whole and part” of “Being and Appearance”, and clarifies the impartial view of “emptiness by causality” (緣起性空) and “neither identity nor difference” by Madhyamaka.The article is presented in three parts:1.Introduction: how Dvadasadvarassastr, Mulamadhyamakakarik, and Satasasra in Madhyamaka, relate to metaphysics . 2.rebuttal to identity and difference as by Satasatra: (1)clarify the context problems of the Chinese translation of Satasastra and explain the connotation of “identity and difference” in metaphysics.(2)rebuttal to Appearance as by Satasastraa’s: clarify the ideology of the unorthodox views and Aryadeva and then explain how Aryadeva in confront identity rebuts the unorthodox views about Being and Identity form the different dimensions of the Being of dharma , the existence of the particular, and the cognition of causation.(3)Rebuttal to difference of “Being, Unity, Bottle” as by Confront Difference; how Aryadeva in Confront Difference rebuts the misunderstanding about Being and Particularity from the different dimensions of many-in-one, one-in-man, causation and differentiation and integration (有分諸分). 3.Conclusion; summery and reviews of the whole article.
