死亡與臨終=Death and Dying; 中有=中陰身=Bardo; 輪迴=Reincarnation=Samsara; Eschatology; 藏傳佛教=西藏佛教=Tibetan Buddhism
摘要
In 1927, Oxford University Press published the first western-language translation of a collection of Tibetan funerary texts (the Great Liberation upon Hearing in the Bardo) under the title The Tibetan Book of the Dead. Since that time, the work has established a powerful hold on the western popular imagination, and is now considered a classic of spiritual literature. Over the years, The Tibetan Book of the Dead has inspired numerous commentaries, an illustrated edition, a play, a video series, and even an opera. Translators, scholars, and popular devotees of the book have claimed to explain its esoteric ideas and reveal its hidden meaning. Few, however, have uttered a word about its history. Bryan J. Cuevas seeks to fill this gap in our knowledge by offering the first comprehensive historical study of the Great Liberation upon Hearing in the Bardo, and by grounding it firmly in the context of Tibetan history and culture. He begins by discussing the many ways the texts have been understood (and misunderstood) by westerners, beginning with its first editor, the Oxford-educated anthropologist Walter Y. Evans-Wentz, and continuing through the present day. The remarkable fame of the book in the west, Cuevas argues, is strikingly disproportionate to how the original Tibetan texts were perceived in their own country. Cuevas tells the story of how The Tibetan Book of the Dead was compiled in Tibet, of the lives of those who preserved and transmitted it, and explores the history of the rituals through which the life of the dead is imagined in Tibetan society. This book provides not only a fascinating look at a popular and enduring spiritual work, but also a much-needed corrective to the proliferation of ahistorical scholarship surrounding The Tibetan Book of the Dead.
目次
1. Introduction: The Saga of The Tibetan Book of the Dead 3 ONE DEATH AND THE DEAD 2. Beginnings: Funeral Ritual in Ancient Tibet 27 3. Transitions: The Buddhist Intermediate State 39 4. From Death to Disposal 69 TWO PROPHECY, CONCEALMENT, REVELATION 5. Prophecies of the Lotus Guru 81 6. A Tale of Fathers and Sons 91 7. The Gampodar Treasures 101 8. The Third Generation 120 THREE TRADITIONS IN TRANSFORMATION 9. Traditions in Eastern Tibet 137 10. Traditions in Central and Southern Tibet 158 FOUR TEXT AND CONSOLIDATION 11. Rikzin Nyima Drakpa, Sorcerer from Kham 179 12. Conclusion: Manuscripts and Printed Texts 205
