440; Article; Full Text：http://jbe.la.psu.edu/2/cozort.html
關鍵詞
福報=福田=功德=Virtue=Merit
摘要
Anger is the most powerful of the kleśas that not only “plant seeds” for suffering but also “cut the roots of virtue” for periods of up to a thousand aeons per instance. This article examines and assesses the exegesis by Tsongkhapa, founder of the Tibetan Gelukba order, of Indian sources on the topic of anger. It argues that despite Tsongkhapa’s many careful qualifications he may not be successful in avoiding the conclusion that if the sūtras are to be accepted literally, there almost certainly will be persons for whom liberation from saṃsāra is precluded.
目次
ABSTRACT 83 INTRODUCTION 83 QUANTIFYING THE PENALTY FOR ANGER 84 CUTTING VIRTUE'S ROOTS 86 SEEDS CAN EXIST WITHOUT RIPENING 88 ONE CAN BE VIRTUOUS WITHOUT HAVING ROOTS 91 VIRTUE THAT IS CUT ONLY PARTIALLY 91 CONTRADICTIONS, APPARENT AND REAL 92 OTHER QUESTIONS 94 SUMMARY 96 REFERENCES 97 NOTES 99
