Among the manuscripts found in Tun-huang, The Heart of Dependent Origination Verses and The Heart of Dependent Origination Commentary were discovered. Both give Nagarjuna as the author. According to the sources presently available, both the verses and the commentary are available in Sanskrit, Tibetan, and Chinese. Two fragments have been identified among recent Sanskrit finds. The Tibetan texts can be found as Derge Nos. 3836 and 4553 (the Verses) and Nos. 3837 and 4554 (the Commentary). All of them state that they were written by N g rjuna. Most modern scholars have compared these with the Chinese Tun-huang text a, and produced further translations into English, French, German, and Japanese. Some even tried to reconstruct the complete Sanskrit from the Tibetan. Relevant Chinese sources fall into two categories, one being the newly discovered Tun-huang text, the other the translation and related commentaries which were incorporated into the traditional Chinese Buddhist canon. Among the Tun huang MSS there are three relevant scriptures. Two of them, the Verses and its Commentary, give Nagarjuna as the author while the third one, the only extant subcommentary, lacks any reference to its author. Since this is a sentence by sentence explanation of the Commentary it can be used for textcritical purposes. As far as the present writer understands, there are seven copies of the Verses available and eight of the Commentary. Both texts belong to two different recensions. One, the more widely spread, is referred to as text a, the other, text B, is preserved in only one manuscript, P 2045. For the subcommentary which explains text a, altogether ten manuscripts are available.
