Absreact: Since 1279，Emperor Shizu 世祖. (Setsan Khan，r. 1264~1294) of the Mongolian Yuan 元 Dynasty defeated the last resistant force of the Chinese Southern Sung 宋 Dynasty and then conquered the entire China proper，people in the whole of China began to experience the suffering of a barbarian rule which lasted 97 years (1279~ 1368). In 1336，Ven. Shi Xizhong釋熙仲 a Chinese monk，composed a chronicle entitled Shishi Zijian 釋氏資鑑 (A Comprehensive Chronicle of Buddhism in China) in 12 fascicles. In this work，Xizhong fulsomely praises his Mongolian conquerors by exaggerating that the Mongolian Empire had already put "every inch of land and each foot of sky" under her sovereign control (in fact the Yuan Empire had never conquered the entire world). Even though the Yuan emperors traditionally donated to Chinese Buddhist establishments handsomely and Xizhong would have been expressing his gratefulness in this way，his adulatory words still exposed that he himself seems to be a morally-low Buddhist cleric! But，the author notices that in his opening pages, Xizhong mentions the Chinese legendary 'Sanhuang' 三皇 (Three Emperors) and Wudr 五帝 (Five Imperial Rulers) ，and also the ancient dynasties, i.e.，the Xia 夏，the Shang 商 and the Zhou 周 All of the dynasties mentioned above，no matter whether they are legendary or historical existed long before the penetration of Buddhism into China for a thousand odd years. They have nothing to do with Buddhism. Besides, Xizhong also emphasized that the emperors of the dynasties estabished after Zhou Dynasty were all the descendants of the Five Imperial Rulers. After doing research, the author found that Xizhong intended to awaken his readers by indicating that our China has long been an independent sovereign country，and now just suffering from this barbarian rule temporarily. Moreover，in Xizhong’s work，he did best to avoid mentioning history involving barbarian invasion of China, but exceptionally，he describes the downfall of the Southern Song Dynasty. This reveals that Xizhong is in fact a monk patriot and his Chronicle is prepared under an aim of propagandizing nationalism to his Chinese compatriots. Then，his fulsome adulation mentioned above is but a way of disguising his true intentions. This article also discusses the historical methods in Xizhong’s Chronicle.
